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Layers of the Earth

Explore the fascinating structure of our planet, Earth, divided into layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, asthenosphere, and lithosphere. The inner core is solid and composed mainly of iron and nickel, reaching temperatures up to 5000°C due to immense pressure. The outer core is liquid, primarily made of nickel and iron, with a temperature of about 3800°C. The mantle, the thickest layer, showcases semi-solid rock flow and convection currents affecting the crust. The lithosphere encompasses both oceanic and continental crust, influencing earthquakes and volcanic activity.

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Layers of the Earth

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  1. Layers of the Earth • Inner Core • Outer Core • Lower Mantle • Asthenosphere • Lithosphere (crust)

  2. Inner core • Made of iron and nickel • Temperature reaches 5000 degrees Celsius • However, is solid due to the extreme pressure it is under

  3. Outer Core • Made of mostly nickel and some iron • Temperature is about 3800 degrees Celsius • This layer is liquid

  4. Mantle • Thickest layer • Made of silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium • High temperature and pressure in the mantle allows the solid rock to flow slowly – plasticity • There are differences in the temperature within the mantle which produce convection currents

  5. Asthenosphere • Part of the upper mantle • Made of hot, semi-solid materials much like the consistency of asphalt • This layer has the ability to glide over the lower mantle • This movement causes the plates of the crust to move

  6. Crust • The very thin outer layer of the Earth • Main elements are oxygen and silicon • Crust is found both on land (continental crust) and under the ocean (oceanic crust) • The crust is broken into smaller pieces • The crust’s materials are less dense than the materials under it.

  7. Continental Crust • 20 to 70 kilometers thick • Composed mostly of granite

  8. Oceanic Crust • Relatively thin, between 5 to 10 kilometers thick • Primarily composed of basalt

  9. Lithosphere • Includes the oceanic and continental crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. • Is considered to be cool and rigid • Is the zone of earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes, and tectonic plate movement.

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