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Protein Synthesis

This resource provides an overview of protein synthesis, focusing on the genetic code and translation process. Learn the differences between DNA and RNA, and where transcription occurs in the cell. Discover how mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm for translation at the ribosome. This guide includes key concepts like codons, stop codons, and the role of tRNA in carrying amino acids for protein formation. Enhance your understanding of this fundamental biological process with practical examples and questions.

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Protein Synthesis

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Protein Synthesis Part II: Genetic Code and Translation

  2. Which is single stranded? DNA RNA

  3. Where in the cell does transcription take place? Cytoplasm Mitochondria Nucleus Golgi Body Vacuole

  4. If a DNA strand has the following sequence of base pairs – A C T G G T C C A A , then the mRNA strand would have what sequence? T G A C C A G G T T A C T G G T C C A A T G U C C U G G T T U G A C C A G G U U

  5. mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm to meet up with which organelle? Mitochondria Ribosome Golgi Body Lysosome Nucleus

  6. Genetic Code

  7. Quick Review of Proteins… Monomer:Amino Acid 20 different amino acids! The properties of proteins are determined by the order of the amino acids

  8. The Genetic Code! RNA contains 4 different bases: A, G, C, U The genetic code is read three letters at a time Each “word” of the coded message is three base pairs long These “words” are called codons

  9. RNA Sequence: UCGCACGGU Read sequence 3 bases at a time UCG – CAC – GGU Each set of three bases is a codon. Each codon represents a different amino acid

  10. …more genetic code AUG is the start codon In addition there are 3 different stop codons. Stop codonsare like the period at the end of a sentence.

  11. Using your mRNA codon chart, what amino acid would a ribosome call for if the codon was A A C ? Phenylalanine Glutamine Asparagine Lysine Tyrosine

  12. Translation RNA and Ribosomes work together to produce proteins

  13. Transfer RNA For translation we need a new type of RNA Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for carrying different amino acids to the ribosome. tRNA has a three base sequence called an anticodon

  14. Steps in Translation • mRNA attaches to the ribosome • tRNA brings in the amino acids • Anticodons match with codons • Peptide bonds form between amino acids

  15. Translation • Translation continues until a stop codonis read • The newly formed protein is released

  16. Where in the cell does translation, the second part of protein synthesis, take place? Mitochondria Nucleus Golgi body Cytoplasm

  17. Molecules called tRNA’s are floating around the cytoplasm carrying what? mRNA’s Glucose DNA Nucleotides Amino Acids

  18. An mRNA codon is made up of how many nitrogen bases? 1 3 6 24

  19. What protein would be synthesized from the following mRNA strand?A C U U U C G A A U A C Threonine – phenylalanine – glutamate – tyrosine Phenylalanine – leucine – methionine – valine Tyrosine – glutamate – phenylalanine – threonine Threonine – cysteine – arginine – histidine

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