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Chapter 29

Chapter 29. “ Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad ”. Election of 1912. Republicans split between re-nominating Taft and bringing back TR Republicans afraid of the aggressive nature of TR agree on Taft

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Chapter 29

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  1. Chapter 29 “Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad”

  2. Election of 1912 • Republicans split between re-nominating Taft and bringing back TR • Republicans afraid of the aggressive nature of TR agree on Taft • TR upset by the snub starts his own political Party – The Progressive Bull Moose Party

  3. Bull Moose Party • New Nationalism • More government involvement • Bigger increase in military • More intervention in Latin America

  4. TheAnti-Third-TermPrinciple

  5. Progressive Party Platform • Women’s suffrage. • Graduated income tax. • Inheritance tax for the rich. • Lower tariffs. • Limits on campaign spending. • Currency reform. • Minimum wage laws. • Social insurance. • Abolition of child labor. • Workmen’s compensation. NewNationalism

  6. The Socialist Party & Eugene V. Debs The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.

  7. Election of 1912 • Woodrow Wilson easily won with 435 Electoral votes, while TR had 88 and Taft only had 8, but the Democrat received 41% of the popular vote. • Wilson, a virtual unknown is able to win the election because of the split in the Republican Party • Wilson becomes a minority president • Socialist Eugene V. Debs compiled over 900,000 popular votes, while the combined popular totals of TR and Taft exceeded Wilson

  8. The “Seas” [of Opportunity]Open Up for the Democrats

  9. Election of 1912

  10. Dr. Woodrow Wilson • Strong Progressive Democrat • Former President of Princeton • Former reform governor of New Jersey • Born in Georgia • Only the 2nd Democratic President since 1861 (other was Cleveland) • Son of a Presbyterian minister • Eloquent, well spoken, religious, arrogant and intolerant of stupidity.

  11. Dr. Woodrow Wilson

  12. Wilson’s “New Freedom” • New Freedom - favored small enterprise, desired to break up all trusts—not just the bad ones—and basically shunned social-welfare proposals. • Assault on the Triple Wall of Privilege • Tariff • Banks • Trusts • Wilson set a president by personally addressing Congress. Broke the tradition set by Jefferson that the president sends a written State of the Union

  13. Attack on Tariff • Progressives wanted to lower the tariff. • Underwood Tariff Bill passed which substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax (under the approval of the recent 16th Amendment).

  14. Attack on Banking • Banking system had not changed since Civil War • Problem was an inelastic Currency – inability to increase or decrease amount of money in circulation • Federal Reserve Act of 1913 passed • Created a federal reserve bank in Washington DC. Members appointed by president • Federal Reserve Board regulates the amount of money in circulation by raising and lowering the interest rate • Arguably the most important piece of legislation passed by United States Congress

  15. Federal Reserve Banks

  16. $500 Bill

  17. $1,000 Bill

  18. $5,000 Bill

  19. $10,000 Bill

  20. $100,000 Bill

  21. Attack on Trusts • Wilson wanted to break up all trusts • Federal Trade Commission Act - of 1914 passed which empowered a presidentially appointed position to investigate the activities of trusts and stop unfair trade practices such as unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, & bribery. • Clayton Anti-Trust Act - lengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act’s list of practices that were objectionable, exempted labor unions from being called trusts (as they had been called by the Supreme Court under the Sherman Act), and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members. • Magna Carta of labor

  22. Wilson and Foreign Affairs • Ended Taft’s dollar diplomacy • When disorder broke out in Haiti in 1915, Wilson sent American Marines. • In 1916, he sent marines to quell violence in the Dominican Republic.

  23. Wilson and Mexico • In 1913 Mexico revolted and installed General Victorian Huerta to the presidency. • Wilson would not recognize the government of Huerta • American munitions flowed to Huerta’s rivals, Venustiano Carranza and Francisco (“Pancho”) Villa. • After a small party of American sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico, in 1914, Wilson threatened to use force, and even ordered the navy to take over Vera Cruz, drawing the ABC powers—Argentina, Brazil, and Chile—mediated the situation, and Huerta fell from power and was succeeded by Carranza, who resented Wilson’s acts. • Meanwhile, “Pancho” Villa, murdered 16 Americans in January 1916 in Mexico and then killed 19 more a month later in New Mexico • Wilson sent General John J. Pershing to capture Villa, and he penetrated deep into Mexico, clashed with Carranza’s and Villa’s different forces, but didn’t take Villa.

  24. Beginning Of WWI June 28,1914 • Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo. July 28 • Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. July 31 • As an ally of Serbia, Russia announces full mobilization of her armed forces. August 1 • Germany mobilizes her armed forces and declares war on Russia. • Photo: German soldiers celebrating start of war August 3 • Germany declares war on France. August 4 • Germany declares war on neutral Belgium and invades in a right flanking move designed to defeat France quickly. As a result of this invasion, Britain declares war on Germany.

  25. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife in Sarejvo just before being shot

  26. Triple Entente The Triple Entente were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. • Russian Empire • France • British Empire • Italy • Empire of Japan • United States

  27. Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Bulgaria

  28. America Earns Blood Money • U.S. profited from the war by trading with both sides in the dispute • Germany announced submarine warfare around the British Isles, warning the U.S. that it would not try to attack neutral ships but that mistakes would probably occur • Wilson thus warned that Germany would be held to “strict accountability” for any attacks on American ships. • Sinking of the Lusitania • Sinking of the Arabic – Arabic Pledge • Sinking of the Sussex – Sussex Pledge

  29. German Submarine

  30. German Torpedo Hitting A British Ship

  31. Sinking of the Lusitania

  32. Lusitania

  33. Coffins from the Lusitania hauled through Queenstown

  34. Election of 1916 • Democrats – Wilson • “He kept us out of war” • Preparedness • Republicans – Charles Evans Hughes • Wilson barely beat Hughes, with a vote of 277 to 254, with the final result dependent on results from California, and even though Wilson didn’t specifically promise to keep America out of war, enough people felt that he did to vote for him. • Strong support from the working class

  35. Election of 1916

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