Wellness 9
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Female Reproductive System Anatomy Wellness 9
Female Reproductive System • The female reproductive system consists of organs (internal and external) in the female body that are involved in producing offspring. • The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible • The vulva includes a series of muscles/blood vessels/bone/skin folds: • Mons pubis • Labia majora • Labia minora • Clitoris • Urethral opening • Vaginal opening • Hymen • Perineum
Mons Pubis • The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone. • Serves as a protective cushion for the internal reproductive organs. • During adolescence sex hormones trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis.
Labia Majora • The labia majora enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs. • Heavy folds of skin that surround the opening of the vagina.
Labia Minora • Two smaller folds of skin located within the labia majora. • The clitoris and the openings of the urethra and the vagina are located within the labia minora.
Clitoris • Small, highly sensitive structure located above the opening of the urethra. • Richly supplied with blood vessels and nerve endings. • Key to sexual pleasure for most women. • Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris
Vaginal Opening • The hymen is a thin membrane that stretches across the opening of the vagina. • The hymen has small openings in it. • Some females do not have a hymen. • Other females often break or tear the hymen when they ride bicycles or horses or exercise strenuously.
Urethra • The urethra is a tube that conveys urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Perineum • The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening and anal canal. • It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tracts.
Anus • The opening of the large intestine that carries waste to the outside.
Internal Female Reproductive Organs • The internal organs consists of the: • Vagina • Cervix • Uterus • Fallopian Tubes • Ovaries
Vagina • The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals. • It is located between the bladder and rectum. • It functions as: • a receptacle for the penis during love-making/sexual intercourse • a outlet for blood during menstruation • a passageway for the baby to pass through at birth.
According to The Guiness Book of World Records, a Russian peasant woman who lived in the 18th Century holds the record for the most children born to one mother. She had sixty-nine children within forty years. She produced sixteen pairs of twins, seven sets of triplets, and four sets of quadruplets!
Cervix • The cervix is the lowest part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. • The cervical opening to the vagina is small. • This acts as a safety precaution against foreign bodies entering the uterus. • During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accommodate the passage of the fetus. • This dilation is a sign that labor has begun.
Uterus • The uterus or "womb" is a hollow, muscular organ in which a fertilized egg, called the "zygote," becomes embedded and in which the egg is nourished and allowed to develop until birth. • It lies in the pelvic cavity behind the bladder and in front of the bowel.
Uterus • The uterus is lined with tissues which change during the menstrual cycle. • When the hormones withdraw after the menstrual cycle, the blood supply is cut off and the tissues and unfertilized egg are shed as waste.
Endometrium • The endometrium is the membrane that lines the uterus. • It is a glandular mucous membrane, and is formed during the menstrual cycle, then expelled from the body during each menstruation. • The endometrium is what a fertilized egg attaches to upon fertilization, so it is not shed if a fertilized egg is implanted. • The endometrium also supplies blood for the fetus and allows it to receive oxygen.
Fallopian Tube • Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus. • The site of fertilization by the male sperm. • Often referred to as the oviducts or uterine tubes. • Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining.
Fallopian Tube • A female has two Fallopian tubes – one connected to each ovary. • During the menstrual cycle, a mature ovum moves through a Fallopian tube to the uterus. • If fertilization occurs, it usually occurs in a Fallopian tube. • An ovum that is not fertilized either disintegrates in the uterus or leaves the body in the menstrual flow.
Ovaries • The ovaries are a pair of oval or almond-shaped glands which lie on either side of the uterus and just below the opening to the fallopian tubes. • In addition to producing eggs or "ova," the ovaries produce female sex hormones called estrogen and progesterone (changes lining of the uterus). • The ovaries produce a female hormone, called estrogen, and store female sex cells or "ova." • A female is born with between 200,000 and 400,000 immature ova in her ovaries. • About 375 of these ova will mature and be released in a female’s lifetime.
Ovaries • During puberty, the ova begin to develop. • Each developing ova is enclosed in a small, hollow ball called a follicle. • Each month during the menstrual cycle, an ovum matures and is released from its follicle. • The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen • These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg
Mammary Glands • The mammary glands are accessory organs of the female reproductive system that are specialized to secrete milk following pregnancy. • They are located in the subcutaneous tissue of the front thorax within the elevations which are called breasts.
Mammary Glands • A mammary gland is composed of fifteen to twenty irregularly shaped lobes, each of which includes alveolar glands, and a duct (lactiferous duct) that leads to the nipple and opens to the outside.
Nipples & Areolas • A "nipple" is located near the tip of each breast. • The nipple is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin called the "areola."
Objective Questions • What is another name for the egg produced by the female reproductive system? • What is the function of the vagina? • How is an egg transported from outside the ovary to the uterus? • What structures does the vulva include? • What is the size and function of the ovaries?
Videos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFpVy9OCI4o&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJsrGmWeKE • http://www.nucleusanimationlibrary.com/animation-preview?ccat=Ob%2Fgyn&clang=English&animationid=67312 (ovulation) • http://www.nucleusanimationlibrary.com/animation-preview?ccat=Ob%2Fgyn&clang=English&animationid=68282 (breast) • http://www.nucleusanimationlibrary.com/animation-preview?ccat=Ob%2Fgyn&clang=English&animationid=75433 (labor)
