1-1.1

1. Fourteen Steps 1-1.1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement I. Read aloud Read the following passage aloud, making a pause between sense groups. Read aloud Audiovisual supplements Let Your Spirit Guide You There is no place you can go/ to hide from the thoughts that you keep contemplating over and over inside your mind .../ There is no place you can venture/ where your true emotions will be concealed and the secrets of your heart will not show .../ There is no place in this whole wide world you can travel to/ where your spirit does not direct or guide you towards your destiny .../ Life is the experience of being you;/ no one can ever be someone other than who they are .../ Simply... you are who you are/ and for whatever time you have to be,/ you must not try to shadow yourself, but, rather, express yourself .../ The beauty found in each and every person is the essence of life ...

2. Fourteen Steps 1-2.1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement II. Audiovisual supplements Film episode: Dead Poets Society Read aloud Questions: 1. What are the four pillars of Welton Academy and what is Ivy League? 2. What is the aim of ethical education based on your understanding? Audiovisual supplements Answers for reference: • Tradition, honor, discipline and excellence. Ivy League is the name generally applied to eight universities (Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale) that over the years have had common interests in scholarship as well as in athletics. Stanley Woodward, New York Herald Tribune sports writer, coined the phrase in the early thirties. • Open answer.

3. Fourteen Steps 1-2-2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Dead Poets Society Principal: Students: Principal: One hundred years ago in 1859, 41 boys sat in this room and were asked the same question that now greets you at the start of each semester. Gentleman, what are the four pillars? Tradition, honor, discipline, excellence. In her first year, Welton Academy graduated five students. Last year we graduated 51 and more than 75% of those went on to the Ivy league. This kind of accomplishment is the result of fervent dedication to the principles taught here. This is why you parents have been sending us your sons. This is why we are the best preparatory school in the United States. As you know our beloved Mr. Portius of the English Department retired last term. You will Read aloud Audiovisual supplements

4. Fourteen Steps 1-2-3 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Principal: later have the opportunity to meet his replacement, Mr. John Keating, himself an honors graduate of this school. And who, for the past several years has been teaching the highly regarded Chester school in London. Read aloud Audiovisual supplements

5. Fourteen Steps 1-2-FILM Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Read aloud Audiovisual supplements ■

6. Fourteen Steps 2-1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement I. Text analysis The text is about the author’s sentiment of the three lives he has. Purpose and warm heart can create lives and he will love the life and the people around him much more. Text analysis Structural analysis Cultural background

7. Fourteen Steps 2-2-1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement II. Structural analysis Text analysis Paragraphs 1 – 2 — the first life the author has, which is about struggling to make a life and the pleasant dream Structural analysis Cultural background Paragraphs 3 – 5 — the second life the author has, which is about his disease and the effect of the 14 steps to him the third life the author has, which is about the help he received from a blind man and his daughter when his car didn’t work Paragraphs 6 – 8 — — Paragraphs 9 – 10 the author’s reflection on the incident and his life philosophy

8. Fourteen Steps 2-3-1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement III. Cultural background American’s Underlying Kindness Text analysis Some of the journalists see in the stiffness of the Americans the ties to their religious roots and an unwavering commitment to honesty and civil service. Underlying these traits is also a genuine, heartfelt kindness that is frequently complimented by all the travelers. Combe observes: “We have Structural analysis Cultural background found the servants and landlords in the inns of New England cold and reserved in their manners”. However, he goes on to attest to their intrinsic amicability and overall kindness and sees their serious manner as a remnant of their Puritan origins. In the same way, Alexander Farkas sees the removal of artificiality and the political responsibility that is part of being a citizen in a democratic nation as the main reasons for the Americans’ stiffness.

9. Fourteen Steps 2-3-2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement “They are unschooled in the nuances of etiquette, their bodies are stiff, unbending; they do not know how to express joy or sorrow in their facial expression. But in spite of coldness or awkwardness there is something in their eyes and demeanor which hints at a simple inner dignity. The kindness one senses is the kind of genuine sentiment that cannot be acquired by artifice.” Juxtaposed to this personal austerity is a pervasive social informality. The travelers recognized the lack of decorum as the direct result of a pragmatic, democratic society. However, they never saw its conflict with the stern personalities of the Americans. Alexander Farkas is astonished and pleased with what he regards as a lack of “surface veneer”. When he pays a visit to President Jackson he is overwhelmed with the absence of decorum. “His simple manners and friendly behavior made us forget we were talking to the chief executive of thirteen million people.” Text analysis Structural analysis Cultural background

10. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Fourteen Steps They say a cat has nine lives, and I am inclined to think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My first life began on a clear, cold day in November 1934, when I arrived as the sixth of eight children of a farming family. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. As the children grew up, they married, leaving only one sister and myself to support and care for Mother, who became paralyzed in her last years and died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year. This was when I began to enjoy my first life. I was very happy, in excellent health, and quite a good athlete. My wife and I became the parents of two lovely girls. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted with a slowly progressive disease

11. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life ... In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. Crazy? Not at all. Our home was a split-level affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a gauge of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it — repeating the process 14 times until, utterly spent, I would be through — I could then admit defeat and lie down and die. So I kept on working, kept on climbing those steps. And time passed. The girls went to college and were happily married, and my wife and I were alone in our beautiful home with the 14 steps.

12. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement You might think that here walked a man of courage and strength. Not so. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and his wife and his home and his job because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage. As I became older, I became more disillusioned and frustrated. Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; gusty winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly the steering wheel jerked in my hands and the car swerved violently to the right. In the same instant I heard the dreaded bang of a blowout. I fought the car to stop on the rain-slick shoulder of the road and sat there as theenormity of the situation swept over me. It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible! A thought that a passing motorist might stop was dismissed at once. Why should anyone? I knew I wouldn’t! Then I remembered that a short

13. Fourteen Steps 3.text4-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement distance up a little side road was a house. I started the engine and thumped slowly along, keeping well over on the shoulder until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in — thankfully. Lighted windows welcomed me to the house and I pulled into the driveway and honked the horn. The door opened and a little girl stood there, peering at me. I rolled down the window and called out that I had a flat tire and needed someone to change it for me because I had a crutch and couldn’t do it myself. She went into the house and a moment later came out bundled in raincoat and hat, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm. Well, I would pay them for it. The rain seemed to be slackening a bit now and I rolled down the window all the way to watch. It seemed to me that they were awfully slow and I was beginning to become impatient. I heard the clank of

14. Fourteen Steps 3.text5-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement metal from the back of the car and the little girl’s voice came clearly to me. “Here’s the jack-handle, Grandpa.” She was answered by the murmur of the man’s lower voice and the slow tilting of the car as it was jacked up. There followed a long interval of noises, jolts and low conversation from the back of the car, but finally it was done. I felt the car bump as the jack was removed, and I heard the slam of the truck lid, and then they were standing at my car window. He was an old man, stooped and frail-looking under his slicker. The little girl was about eight or ten, I judged, with a merry face and a wide smile as she looked up at me. He said, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.” “Thanks,” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head. “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple — on crutches. Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill. “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it.”

15. Fourteen Steps 3.text6-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetrated and I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before. A blind man and a child! Fumbling, feeling with cold, wet fingers for bolts and tools in the dark — a darkness that for him would probably never end until death. I don’t remember how long I sat there after they said good night and left me, but it was long enough for me to search deep within myself and find some disturbing traits. I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness. I sat there and said a prayer. “Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.” To me now, months later, this Scriptural admonition is more than just a passage in the Bible. It is a way of life, one that I am trying to follow.

16. Fourteen Steps 3.text7-S Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement It isn’t always easy. Sometimes it is frustrating, sometimes expensive in both time and money, but the value is there. I am trying now not only to climb 14 steps each day, but in my small way to help others. Someday, perhaps, I will change a tire for a blind man in a car — someone as blind as I had been. 1,220 words

17. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Fourteen Steps They say a cat has nine lives, and I am inclined to think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My first life began on a clear, cold day in November 1934, when I arrived as the sixth of eight children of a farming family. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. As the children grew up, they married, leaving only one sister and myself to support and care for Mother, who became paralyzed in her last years and died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year. This was when I began to enjoy my first life. I was very happy, in excellent health, and quite a good athlete. My wife and I became the parents of two lovely girls. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted with a slowly progressive disease

18. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life ... In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. Crazy? Not at all. Our home was a split-level affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a gauge of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it — repeating the process 14 times until, utterlyspent, I would be through — I could then admit defeat and lie down and die. So I kept on working, kept on climbing those steps. And time passed. The girls went to college and were happily married, and my wife and I were alone in our beautiful home with the 14 steps.

19. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement You might think that here walked a man of courage and strength. Not so. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and his wife and his home and his job because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage. As I became older, I became more disillusioned and frustrated. Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; gusty winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly the steering wheel jerked in my hands and the car swerved violently to the right. In the same instant I heard the dreaded bang of a blowout. I fought the car to stop on the rain-slick shoulder of the road and sat there as theenormity of the situation swept over me. It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible! A thought that a passing motorist might stop was dismissed at once. Why should anyone? I knew I wouldn’t! Then I remembered that a short

20. Fourteen Steps 3.text4-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement distance up a little side road was a house. I started the engine and thumped slowly along, keeping well over on the shoulder until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in — thankfully. Lighted windows welcomed me to the house and I pulled into the driveway and honked the horn. The door opened and a little girl stood there, peering at me. I rolled down the window and called out that I had a flat tire and needed someone to change it for me because I had a crutch and couldn’t do it myself. She went into the house and a moment later came out bundled in raincoat and hat, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm. Well, I would pay them for it. The rain seemed to be slackening a bit now and I rolled down the window all the way to watch. It seemed to me that they were awfully slow and I was beginning to become impatient. I heard the clank of

21. Fourteen Steps 3.text5-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement metal from the back of the car and the little girl’s voice came clearly to me. “Here’s the jack-handle, Grandpa.” She was answered by the murmur of the man’s lower voice and the slow tilting of the car as it was jacked up. There followed a long interval of noises, jolts and low conversation from the back of the car, but finally it was done. I felt the car bump as the jack was removed, and I heard the slam of the truck lid, and then they were standing at my car window. He was an old man, stooped and frail-looking under his slicker. The little girl was about eight or ten, I judged, with a merry face and a wide smile as she looked up at me. He said, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.” “Thanks,” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head. “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple — on crutches. Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill. “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it.”

22. Fourteen Steps 3.text6-W Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetrated and I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before. A blind man and a child! Fumbling, feeling with cold, wet fingers for bolts and tools in the dark — a darkness that for him would probably never end until death. I don’t remember how long I sat there after they said good night and left me, but it was long enough for me to search deep within myself and find some disturbing traits. I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness. I sat there and said a prayer. “Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.” To me now, months later, this Scripturaladmonition is more than just a passage in the Bible. It is a way of life, one that I am trying to follow.

23. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-S_They…1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement They say a cat has nine lives. Explanation: A proverb. Cats are very tough and seem able to survive accidents or hardship. 人们都说猫有九命。

24. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-S_San..2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement San Carlos Explanation: a city in the US

25. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-S_I fought… Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement I fought the car to stop on the rain-slick shoulder of the road and sat there as the enormity of the situation swept over me. Paraphrase: I parked the car difficultly on the wet shoulder of the road and the seriousness and helplessness of the situation gripped me. 我费劲力气把车停在湿滑的路边，却无法摆脱这种无助的困境。

26. Fourteen Steps 3.text6-S_In the1… Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetrated and I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before. Paraphrase: In the next few seemingly never-ending seconds I was never so overwhelmed by shame and horror. 在接下来的似乎冻结住的几秒钟里，前所未有的羞愧与惊恐感吞噬了我。

27. Fourteen Steps 3.text6-S_Therefore2… Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets. Paraphrase: Therefore, do to other people whatever you would like them to do to you, because it’s the rule. 因此，想要别人善待你，首先必须善待他人，因为这就是定律。

28. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W-be inclined to1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement be inclined to Explanation： having a preference, disposition, or tendency to e.g. Senators are inclined to push for the bill’s passage. Collocation: be inclined to/forward be inclined for

29. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W-be inclined to2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English: 1) 他有发胖的趋势。 2) 你想散步吗？ He is inclined to corpulence. Are you inclined for a walk?

30. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W-paralyze1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement paralyze v. Explanation： • 1) to make unable to move or act • 2) to impair the progress or functioning of sth.; to make sth. inoperative or powerless e.g. He is paralyzed by fear. e.g. The bureaucracy paralyzes the entire operation. Derivation: paralysis n. paralytic adj.

31. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W-paralyze2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: • Translate the following sentences into English: • 商业全部陷入瘫痪状态。 • 2) 毒药把他麻痹了。 Business is totally paralyzed. The poison paralyzed him.

32. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W-peninsula1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement peninsula n. Explanation： a piece of land that projects into a body of water and is connected with the mainland by an isthmus Comparison: peninsula, island peninsula: a large mass of land projecting into a body of water island: a land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water

33. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W-peninsula2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English: 1) 那有一个伸入海中的半岛。 2) 朝鲜半岛在中国东侧。 There is a peninsula jutting out into the sea. The Korean Peninsula is on the east of China.

34. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W-afflict1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement afflict v. Explanation： 1) to inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on 2) to cause great unhappiness for; to distress e.g. He is afflicted with the plague. e.g. She was afflicted by the death of her parents. Comparison: afflict, agonize, rack, torment, torture These verbs mean to bring great harm or suffering to someone. e.g. be afflicted with arthritis e.g. be agonized to see her suffering e.g. be racked with cancer e.g. be tormented by migraine e.g. be tortured by painful memories

35. Fourteen Steps 3.text1-W-afflict2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice： Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of afflict, agonize and rack: 1) He is with debts. 2) She was to see his suffering. 3) Jack is with cancer. afflicted _______ ________ agonized _______ racked

36. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-W-motor nerves Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement motor nerves Explanation： an efferent nerve conveying an impulse that excites muscular contraction e.g. His motor nerves are very strong.

37. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-W-install Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement install v. Explanation： 1) to set up for use 2) to put into an office or a position 3) to place e.g. I just installed the washer and dryer. e.g. The new president was installed immediately after the election. e.g. Her manager had installed her at the Ritz. Practice: Translate the following sentences into English: 1) 他在前排的桌子旁坐下了。 2) 他已就任新职。 He installed himself at the front desk. He has been installed in his new office.

38. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-W-split-level Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement split-level adj. Explanation： having the floor levels of adjoining rooms separated by about half a story e.g. I have decided to buy a split-level ranch house.

39. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-W-utterly1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement utterly adv. Explanation： completely; absolutely; entirely e.g. You can be utterly sure of my innocence. Comparison: uttterly, totally utterly: completely and without qualification (used informally as intensifiers) totally: to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (used formally)

40. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-W-utterly2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice: Translate the following sentences into English: 1) 那真是个笨透的主意。 2) 我累极了。 It’s an utterly idiotic idea. I’m utterly tired.

41. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-W-spent1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement spent adj. Explanation： 1) depleted of energy, force, or strength; exhausted 2) used up; consumed e.g. At the end of the hot day, the spent workers slept under a shady tree. e.g. It’s all spent. Derivation: spend v. Comparison: spend, disburse, expendThese verbs mean to pay or give out money or an equivalent.

42. Fourteen Steps 3.text2-W-spent2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement spend eight dollars for a movie ticket e.g. disburse funds from the account e.g. expend all one’s energy teaching the class e.g. Practice: Translate the following sentences into English: 1) 一天的购物使她筋疲力尽。 2) 钱都花光了。 The day’s shopping left her spent. The money is all spent.

43. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W-hobble Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement hobble v. Explanation： to walk or move along haltingly or with difficulty; to limp e.g. The old woman hobbles down to the store every day. Practice: • Translate the following sentences into English: • 1) 老人拄着拐杖蹒跚而行。 • 2) 那伤兵一瘸一拐地走开了。 The old man hobbled along with the aid of his stick. The wounded solider hobbled away.

44. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W-cripple Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement cripple n.& v. Explanation： • a person or animal that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs • 2) to disable, damage, or impair the functioning of We cannot race a horse that is a cripple. e.g. e.g. a strike that crippled the factory Practice: • Translate the following sentences into English: • 1) 他是个跛子。 • 2) 那天交通完全瘫痪了。 He is a cripple. The traffic was entirely crippled for a day.

45. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W-hold on to1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement hold on to Explanation: 1) to maintain one’s grip 2) to continue to do something e.g. He held on to a branch. We will hold on to the end. e.g. cf. hold back 1) to retain in one’s possession or control 2) to impede the progress of 3) to restrain oneself e.g. hold back valuable information; hold back tears

46. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W-hold on to2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement hold off 1) to keep at a distance; to resist 2) to stop or delay doing something e.g. hold the creditors off e.g. Let’s hold off until we have more data. hold up 1) to obstruct or delay 2) to rob while armed, often at gunpoint 3) to offer or present as an example 4) to continue to function without losing force or effectiveness; to cope with e.g. hold the essay up as a model for the students e.g. manage to hold up under the stress

47. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W-hold on to3 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Idiom & Slang: 1) hold water to stand up to critical examination 2) hold the phone to stop doing what one is engaged in doing, often used in the imperative 3) hold (one’s) end up to fulfill one’s part of an agreement e.g. Your explanation doesn’t hold water. e.g. Hold the phone! Let’s end this argument. Practice： Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1) We hold to our plan. 2) You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you . 3) She held her hand in friendship. on ___ _____ back ____ out

48. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W-gusty Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement gusty adj. Explanation: 1) blowing gusts 2) characterized by sudden outbursts a gusty storm e.g. Derivation: gust n. Practice： • Translate the following sentences into English: • 1) 暴风将袭击本市。 • 2) 今天风好大！ The gusty wind will attack our city. What a gusty day!

49. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W-slash1 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement slash Explanation： v. 1) to cut or form by cutting with forceful sweeping strokes e.g. We’ll slash a path through the underbrush. 2) to lash with sweeping strokes e.g. The teacher often slashed the students. conj. (informal) as well as, and; used in combination and often rendered as a virgule in print an actor-slash-writer; a waiter/dancer. e.g.

50. Fourteen Steps 3.text3-W-slash2 Section One: Pre-reading Activities Section Two: Global Reading Section Three: Detailed Reading Section Four: Consolidation Activities Section Five: Further Enhancement Practice： Translate the following sentences into English: 1) 风在他们面前乱刮。 2) 雨水猛烈地拍打着窗户。 The winds slashed before them. The rain slashed against the window.