1. Approaches to the Studyof International Relations

2. Realist Approach to World Politics • Key Actors International system, sovereign states • View of the Power-seeking, selfishIndividual antagonistic • View of the state Seeks power, unitary actor with a defined national interest • View of the inter- Anarchy, stability thru balance national system of power system • Belief about Potential for change slow; structural Change change also low • Theorists Thucydides, St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Morganthau

3. Liberal Approach to World Politics • Key Actors States, non governmental groups, international organizations • View of the Basically good, ability to cooperate and Individual compromise • View of the state Not an autonomous actor, many different interests and actors in the system • View of the inter- Interdependence among actors, national system international society, anarchy • Belief about Probable and desirable processChange • Theorists Montesquieu, Kant, Wilson, Koehane

4. Marxist Approach to World Politics • Key Actors Social classes, transnational elites, MNC’s • View of the Actions determined by economic classes Individual • View of the state State is agent of international capitalist class • View of the inter- Highly stratified and dominated by national system international capitalist classes • Belief about Radical change and revolution soughtChange • Theorists Marx, Lenin, Hobson, Wallerstein

5. Indicators of World Inequality • One-fifth of the world's population are living in extreme poverty. • Average incomes in the richest 20 countries are 37 times higher than in the poorest 20-this ratio has doubled in the last 20 years • In the developed world subsidies to agricultural producers are six times higher than overseas development aid • Tariffs on manufactured goods from the developing world are four times higher than those on manufactured goods from other OECD countries. • 70 per cent of the world's poor and two-thirds of the world's illiterates are women. • 8 In 34 countries in the world life expectancy is now lower than it was in 1990.

6. More than 30,000 children die every day from easily preventable diseases. • In Sub-Saharan Africa a woman is 100 times more likely to die in childbirth than women in high-income countries. • One billion people lack access to clean water. • African countries payout $US40 million every day on debt repayment. • Source: World Bank, UN Development Program