United States History, Part II SOL Review Reconstruction to World War I

1. United States History, Part II SOL ReviewReconstruction to World War I

2. USII.3a - Reconstruction Amendments What amendment bans slavery? The 13th Amendment What amendment grants citizenship to the former slaves? The 14th Amendment

3. What amendment grants the right to vote to all citizens? The 15th Amendment What does the three Civil War Amendments guarantee to all citizens? Equal protection under the law

4. USII.3b - Reconstruction Policies Where did the harsh Reconstruction problems create problems? The South Who did the Reconstruction policies intend to help? The former enslaved African Americans

5. Who was not allowed to hold public office following the Civil War? Southern Military Leaders Who could hold public office for the first time following the Civil War? African Americans What law gave African Americans equal rights following the Civil War? Civil Rights Act of 1866

6. Who supervised the South and protected the rights of African Americans? Northern soldiers (Federal troops) What agency was established to aid African Americans? The Freedman’s Bureau Who took advantage of the Reconstruction policies and were resented by Southerners? Northern Carpetbaggers

7. What event officially ended Reconstruction? The Election of 1876 What did Rutherford B. Hayes promise to do in order win the election? Remove federal troops from the South What was passed that caused African Americans to lose the rights they had gained? The Black Codes

8. USII.3c - Roles of Lincoln, Lee, and Douglass What did Abraham Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction call for? Reconciliation What did Abraham Lincoln believe was more important than punishing the South? Preserving the Union

9. What did Robert E. Lee urge Southerners to do even though some wanted to continue to fight? Reconcile and reunite as Americans What did Robert E. Lee become president of after the Civil War? Washington College (Washington & Lee)

10. Who was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties for all? Frederick Douglass What right did Frederick Douglass want guaranteed by constitutional amendment for African Americans? Voting Rights

11. USII.2a – Physical features/climate of the Great Plains What is the name of the flatlands located in the Midwest that rise gradually from east to west? The Great Plains

12. What did people call the Great Plains before the Civil War? A treeless wasteland What eroded the Great Plains? Wind and Water What caused the Great Plains to be very dry? Low rainfall

13. What did a lack of rain cause? Frequent dust storms What helped the Great Plains become an area that could be settled? New technologies

14. USII.2a – Inventions/Adaptations What was used to keep cows from wandering off and away from crops? Barbed wire What farming technique was used to grow wheat in dry soil? Dry farming

15. What farming tool was used bust up tough soil so crops could be planted deep in the soil? Steel plows What were many houses made of due to the lack of trees? Sod

16. What crop could farmers grow and make a profit on? Wheat farming What did many ranchers and cowboys raise to make a living? Beef cattle What was used to pump water? Windmills

17. USII.2b – Transportation of resources Transportation advances allowed natural resources like copper and lead to be moved to – eastern factories

18. Transportation advances allowed iron ore deposits to be moved to – steel mills Transportation advances allowed finished products to be moved to – national markets

19. USII.2b – Examples of Manufacturing Areas What area is the center of the steel industry? Pittsburgh

20. What area is the center of the textile industry? New England What area is the center of the automobile industry? Detroit

22. USII.3a – Reasons for Westward Expansion Many settlers moved westward due to the Homestead Act and other opportunities for – land ownership What major technological advancement made it easier to travel westward? The Transcontinental Railroad

23. What was discovered that led people to move westward in hopes of becoming wealthy? Gold and Silver Many people moved to the Wild West for – adventure Who moved westward following the Civil War in search of a new beginning? Former enslaved African Americans

24. USII.4a - Impact on American Indians Who provided opposition to settlers during westward expansion? American Indians Where did Sitting Bull’s tribes defeat the United States Calvary led by General George Custer? Battle of Little Bighorn

25. Who led raids on the settlers and the army in Arizona? Geronimo What reduced the American Indians population besides warfare? Diseases Where were many Indian tribes forced to relocate as settlers moved westward? Reservations

26. What describes the American Indians on the reservations being forced to change their culture? Assimilation What did the American Indians often sign that reduced their homeland, but were often broken? Treaties

27. What did settlers slaughter as they moved westward that the American Indians depended on? The buffalo Who was the last of the great Indian chiefs to surrender? Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce What was the final armed conflict with the American Indians? Wounded Knee

28. USII.3b – Reasons for increased immigration What caused an increase in immigration from European countries? a. Hope for: better opportunities b. Religious: freedom c. Escape from: oppressive governments d. Adventure

29. USII.3b – Reasons why cities developed Some cities developed due to: specialized industries. Where was the steel industry located? Pittsburgh Where was the meat packing industry located? Chicago

30. Other cities developed due to _____________________ from other countries. immigration Many Americans moved from ____________________ to urban areas in search of job opportunities. Rural areas

31. USII.3b – Inventions that contributed to great change and industrial growth Who invented the telephone service? Alexander Graham Bell Who invented the electric light bulb and mechanical uses of electricity? Thomas Edison

32. What did rapid industrialization and urbanization lead to? Overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements

33. USII.3b – Efforts to solve immigration problems Who started a settlement house called the Hull House to help immigrants? Jane Addams Who gained power by helping immigrants find jobs and housing, but often in exchange for votes? Political machines

34. USII.3b – Interaction and conflict between different cultural groups Who helped build the Transcontinental Railroad, but faced discrimination on the West Coast? The Chinese What group of immigrants left Europe due to the potato famine, but faced discrimination for being Catholic? The Irish

35. USII.3b – Challenges faced by cities What were the names of the overcrowded immigrant apartments and neighborhoods? Tenements and Ghettos Who were the politically corrupt organizations that gained control of city and state governments? Political Machines

36. USII.3d – Reasons for rise and prosperity of big business What was created by advances in transportation that helped big business? National Markets Who was the captain of the oil industry? John D. Rockefeller

37. Who was the captain of the steel industry? Andrew Carnegie Who was the captain of the automobile industry? Henry Ford Who was the shipping and railroad tycoon? Cornelius Vanderbilt

38. How did big business make consumers aware of their products? Advertising How did the assembly line help big business prosper? Lower-cost production What are three examples of big business? Railroad, Oil, and Steel

39. USII.3d – Factors resulting in the growth of industry As a result of better transportation what did factories have better access to? Raw materials and energy What provided the factories the availability of a large work force? Immigration

40. Many of these used electricity and were created to be used in factories? Inventions What did banks and the Stock Market provide industries to help them grow? Financial resources

41. USII.3d – Postwar changes in farm and city life What increased production, but reduced the need for farm labor? Mechanization What machine is an example of mechanization on the farm? The Mechanical Reaper

42. What did industrial development create in the cities? Labor needs (jobs) What created job opportunities in the cities? Industrial development How did industrialization provide people in rural areas access to consumer goods? Mail Order Catalogues

44. USII.3c – Racial Segregation following Reconstruction What is another name for discrimination based upon race? Racial segregation Who was the primary target of racial discrimination? African Americans

45. Were African Americans the only target of racial discrimination? No, Indians, Chinese, and Irish faced discrimination. Who were not considered citizens until 1924? American Indians What laws discriminated against African Americans? “Jim Crow” laws

46. What laws made discrimination legal in many communities and states? “Jim Crow” laws Where did the “Jim Crow” laws deny African Americans equal opportunities? Housing, Work, Education, & Government Who believed African Americans could achieve equality by learning trade skills through vocational education? Booker T. Washington

47. What did Booker T. Washington accept? Social separation Who believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans? W.E.B. Du Bois What organization did W.E.B. Du Bois help start? N.A.A.C.P

48. USII.3e – Negative effects of industrialization What were some of the negative effects of industrialization? Child labor, low wages, long hours, and unsafe working conditions

49. USII.3e – Rise of organized labor What did workers form to get better pay and working conditions? Labor unions What labor union formed by Samuel Gompers grew during this time? American Federation of Labor (AFL)

50. What tactic did labor unions use to get management to meet their demands? Strikes What famous strike used violence and hurt the labor union movement? The Homestead Strike