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Microcontroller – 2 - internal archi . - Memory - 8051

Microcontroller – 2 - internal archi . - Memory - 8051 . See – http://www.sonoma.eduusersffarahmansonomacourseses310es310_s10.htm . We use more number of microcontrollers compared to microprocessors.

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Microcontroller – 2 - internal archi . - Memory - 8051

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  1. Microcontroller – 2- internal archi.- Memory- 8051 See – http://www.sonoma.eduusersffarahmansonomacourseses310es310_s10.htm

  2. We use more number of microcontrollers compared to microprocessors. • Microprocessorsare primarily used for computational purpose,  whereas microcontrollers find wide application in devices needing real time processing / control. 

  3. Application of microcontrollers are numerous. • domestic applications such as in washing machines, TVs, air-conditioners, • automobiles, process control industries, cell phones, electrical drives, robotics and in space applications.

  4. Internal structure of a MC

  5. At times, a microcontroller can have externalmemory also (if there is no internal memory or extra memory interface is required). • Most modern microcontrollers are manufactured with CMOS technology, which leads to reduction in size and power loss.

  6. Harvard vs. Princeton Architecture • In the late 1940's, the US Government asked Harvard and Princeton universities to come up with a computer architecture to be used in defense apps. • Princetonsuggested computer architecture with a single memory interface. • Princeton architecture was accepted for simplicity and ease of implementation

  7. Harvard suggested a computer with two different memory interfaces, one for the data / variables and the other for program / instructions. • Harvard architecture became popular later, due to the parallelism of instruction execution.

  8. Von Neumann architecture? • Von Neumann architecture  after the name of the chief scientist of the project in Princeton University John Von Neumann (1903 - 1957 Born in Budapest, Hungary). • How to remember? • PN [junction!]  Princeton Neumann

  9. Princeton /single mem interface

  10. Harvard architecture

  11. 8051 microcontroller

  12. 8051 • 8051 employs Harvard [2] architecture. • 8-bit CPU. 16-bit Program Counter • 8-bit Processor Status Word (PSW) • 8-bit Stack Pointer • Internal RAM of 128bytes

  13. 8051… • Special Function Registers (SFRs) of 128 bytes • 32 I/O pins arranged as four 8-bit ports (P0 - P3) • Two 16-bit timer/counters : T0 and T1 • Two external and three internal vectored interrupts • One full duplex [i.e., it can transmit and receive simultaneously] serial I/O • has about 111 instructions

  14. Intel 8051/8031 architecture • CPU has the control and sequencing logic circkuits, ALU, Flags, clock • Program mem - ROM • Interrupt control ckt • Internal timing devices – timer • Serial interface • Data mem - RAM

  15. Intel 8051/8031… • Special function registers • Ports • Register banks – 4 set of registers • RST – reset pin • INT – interrupt pins • VCC – voltage supply pin • GND

  16. Courtesy – • http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/microcontrollers/micro/ui/Course_home5_37.htm • ‘PIC Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, by MA Mazidi et al., Pearson, 2012

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