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Ancient India

Ancient India. Quick Review of the Indus River Valley Civilization. Time period 2500-1500 BCE Developed along Indus River Trade and architecture are evidence of a strong government City Planning Mohenjo Daro and Harappa Plumbing/Sewage System. India- Geography.

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Ancient India

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  1. Ancient India

  2. Quick Review of the Indus River Valley Civilization • Time period 2500-1500 BCE • Developed along Indus River • Trade and architecture are • evidence of a strong government • City Planning • Mohenjo Daro and Harappa • Plumbing/Sewage System

  3. India- Geography • India- Geography • India is called a sub continent because it is part of • Asia, but it is still somewhat separate • The Himalayan mountains that form the northern border of India includes Mount Everest, the tallest mountain in the world

  4. The Indus River form that area called the Indus River Valley, where the first Aryans settled • Monsoons are the seasonal winds of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter.

  5. Pick 5 Terms and/or names Dynasty Buddha Karma Mahabharata Mauryan Empire Nirvana dharma Aryans Bureaucracy Brahmin Upanishads Migration Asoka reincarnation Vedas Siddhartha Gautama enlightenment Indo-Europeans

  6. Indo Europeans Who were they??? semi nomadic people lived in tribes from the Steppes- dry grassland Herders of cattle, sheep, and goat

  7. Contributions Language basis for many modern languages Use of Iron to make tools and weapons

  8. The Aryans Important Facts • Around 1500 BCE They came from Europe through • the Khyber pass • Semi-Nomadic People-Indo Europeans • They used wheel Chariots and iron weapons to overrun Indian cities • Formed city-state with own ruler • Sanskrit writing

  9. Aryan Contributions to India Hinduism • the common religion of India. Polytheistic • The Vedas-used today

  10. Language • Developed a written language - Sanskrit

  11. Aryan Influence on Indian Society • The Caste System • rigid class system • divided Indian society into four main classes or castes • Way of life and religious element

  12. Belief Systems of India Hinduism Buddhism

  13. Hinduism • Founded by the Aryans, who settled in India around 1500 BCE • Type • Polytheistic • Brahma gives life • Vishnu preserves Life • Shiva claims you in death • Monotheistic • Brahman- Holy Trinity

  14. Beliefs of Hinduism The Indian Holy Trinity- The Hindus believe in three major gods who represent the supreme reality. They each look after a particular part of the human experience- creation, preservation, and destruction

  15. Hinduism • Goal of Life • Reach Enlightenment • Sacred Text • Vedas • Sacred Objects • Ganges River, Cow

  16. Beliefs of Hinduism • Reincarnation • Soul is reborn in different form after death • Karma • Good and Bad deeds • Dharma • fulfilling one's duty in life

  17. Buddhism Basic Philosophy nature of human suffering and its relation to desires

  18. Buddhism • Founder: • Siddhartha Gautama in the Sixth century BCE • Type: • Nontheistic • Buddha did not want to be seen as a god but instead a teacher

  19. Elements of Buddhism • Goal of Life • To reach Nirvana • Ultimate reality • Sacred Text Tripitka, or Three Baskets of Wisdom • Basic Belief Reincarnation

  20. Four Noble Truths Statement that life is Full of Pain and Suffering caused by desires • The Four Noble Truths are: • Life is full of pain and suffering. • Human desire causes this suffering. • By putting an end to desire, humans can end suffering. • Humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path.

  21. Eightfold Path 8 steps taken to reach Nirvana • Know that suffering is caused by desire. • Be selfless and love all life. • Do not lie, or speak without cause. • Do not kill, steal, or commit other unrighteous acts. • Do not do things which promote evil. • Take effort to promote righteousness. • Be aware of your physical actions, state of mind, and emotions. • Learn to meditate.

  22. Prominent Leaders • Chandrapgupta I • Seized land from Magadha to Indus • About 2000 miles • Created a Strong Army • Developed a bureaucratic government • Build roads and harbors for trading

  23. Prominent Leaders • Asoka • Ruled by Buddhist teachings • Nonviolence • United people of diverse backgrounds • Brought peace and prosperity • Build roads • Developed written laws

  24. The edicts of King Asoka • 33 inscriptions • that are carved on the Pillars of Asoka, along with big boulders, and caves • The inscriptions focus on not just the religious aspects/practices but more on the social and moral issues.

  25. Example of Asoka Edicts • Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, has caused this Dhamma edict to be written.[1] Here (in my domain) no living beings are to be slaughtered or offered in sacrifice. Nor should festivals be held, for Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, sees much to object to in such festivals, although there are some festivals that Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, does approve of.

  26. GUPTA • Location: India • Hinduism and the Caste System flourished (became stronger) under Gupta rule • The Gupta Empire was one of India’s “Golden Age” • Contributions: • Guptas were good at Math • created the concept of “Zero” – and the decimal system • created the numbers we use today – Arabic Numerals (“Arabs” took them and introduced them to the Europeans)

  27. The Mughal1526-1837 • 1526 Mughal Empire was founded • Were islamic • Akbar the Great • United northern India • Shah Jahan • Akbar grandson • Destroyed Hindu way of life (ex:temples) • People converted to Islam in fear of death • Know for building Taj Mahal

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