1. Chapter 2: Innate Immunity Supplementary Material

2. Early defense reactions of innate immunity – what you need to know • Recognition of microbes – HOW? • Different components of I.I combat different microbes – HOW? • Stimulation of the adaptive immune responses – HOW?

3. Recognition of microbes • Innate immunity components recognize structures shared by various microbes and are not present on host cells • Receptors for LPS on phagocytes • Receptors for terminal mannose residue (of glycoproteins) on phagocytes • Double-stranded RNA (viruses) • Unmethylated CpG oligonucleotide common in microbial DNA • The receptors that recognize these structures -> Pattern recognition receptors

4. Recognition of microbes • The components of the I.I recognize survival and/or pathogenic determinants of microbes • This ensures that microbes will not evade the components of the I.I. Microbes cannot mutate to avoid the immune recognition because that will make them avirulent. • This is in contrast to adaptive immunity from which microbes can evade by mutating the ags recognized because these ags are not essential to the microbe.