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1848: Revolutions of the German State

1848: Revolutions of the German State. Farah Mokhtar and Assem Heiba. Cholera epidemic in Silesia + famine across German states  bad economic conditions. Widening awareness of European events (spread through books, newspapers, magazines, etc.).

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1848: Revolutions of the German State

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  1. 1848: Revolutions of the German State Farah Mokhtar and Assem Heiba

  2. Cholera epidemic in Silesia + famine across German states  bad economic conditions Widening awareness of European events (spread through books, newspapers, magazines, etc.) Prussian-Hessian Customs union  motor for unification (except Austria) Increased German nationalism Causes of the REVOLUTION Rhine crisis  anti-French Sentiment Abdication of King Louis Philippe of France Hambacher Fest Liberal pressure

  3. Most liberal German state revolts were inspired by the French Revolution of 1848 BADEN Leopold, a weak ruler, gave in to the demands of the people, who wanted a bill of rights Protests continued, but arrests of key people suppressed it

  4. Ludwig’s mistress made reforms to which the people objected BAVARIA Conservatives did not want reforms; they only wanted to get rid of the mistress Liberal students took advantage of the protests and demanded political change Ludwig made some of the reforms they demanded, but ended up abdicating the throne to his eldest son KOAN!!!

  5. Since 1830, Saxony had been ruled as a constitutional monarchy SAXONY In 1848, protests against King Frederick Augustus II (in which composer Wagner was heavily involved) led to popular governmental reforms

  6. The protests were inspired by the deaths of a few students Austria Metternich was fired, and King Ferdinand I fled A constituent assembly led by the people was created

  7. PRUSSIA Despite this, he said that reforms would proceed King Frederick William IV said that he would perform all the protesters’ wishes in the protests of 1848 His army clashed with the people and many were killed and injured A constitutional government was created that, once more, put the majority of the power in the hands of the monarch The Frankfurt National Assembly and then the Prussian National Assembly failed to make any significant decisions

  8. Frankfurt National Assembly The Frankfurt National Assembly was a bland group of liberals who rejected violent revolution. Their shortcomings included: Rather, they focused on minor squabbles which got them nowhere They couldn’t answer important questions like how big Germany was to be They failed to gain support of the lower class majority They never addressed the most important issues. Essentially, the revolutions failed in their goal to unify the German states.

  9. New constitution drafted: Germany was to be a constitutional monarchy; the office of the head of state, “Emperor of Germany”, was given to the King of Prussia. The constitution barely passed, and was not accepted by Prussia, Austria, Bavaria, Hanover, and Saxony.

  10. By late 1848, the Prussian aristocrats who had been defeated during the revolutions were back in power. King Frederick William IV was offered the crown of Emperor, but rejected it. Prussia and Austria left the National Assembly, and all revolutionary achievements were undone.

  11. THE END

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