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Geography of Africa

Geography of Africa. World History I. Racist and Pseudoscientific Explanations for Africa’s Development.

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Geography of Africa

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  1. Geography of Africa World History I

  2. Racist and Pseudoscientific Explanations for Africa’s Development • "I am apt to suspect the Negroes to be naturally inferior to the Whites. There scarcely ever was a civilised nation of that complexion, nor even any individual, eminent either in action or in speculation. No ingenious manufacture among them, no arts, no sciences." - David Hume • "A genius has perhaps scarcely ever appeared amongst the negroes, and the standard of their morality is almost universally so low that it is beginning to be acknowledged in America that their emancipation was an act of imprudence" – Otto Weininger

  3. Homework Review • King Ezana – ruler of Ethiopian kingdom called Aksum in the 4th Century CE • Significance: Made Christianity the official religion of Aksum. Aksum was the first Christian African kingdom. King Ezana’s religious influences form the foundation of the modern day Ethiopian Church.

  4. Homework Review • How did trade affect the development of both Kush and Aksum? • The Kush thrived as an important corridor for trade of gold, ivory, ebony, ostrich feathers and many more goods. It was the center for a rich cultural exchange, because it was located across trade routes between the Red Sea and the Nile. • The Aksum competed for trade in eastern Africa by sending gold, rhinocerous horns, ivory, incense and decorative obsidian stone to the Mediterranean through Egypt. In return, they received glass, metal, pottery, wine and olive oil from Europe. Between 300-600 CE the Aksum dominated Red Sea trade.

  5. Homework Review • What role did conquest play in the histories of Kush and Aksum? • The Kush were victim to conquest from the Egyptians, invaded by the Assyrians and finally conquered by Aksum. • Aksum gained power by conquering the Kush and was eventually overtaken by the rise of Islamic Arab power in the Red Sea trade.

  6. Kingdom of the Kush Pyramid Tomb 1st c. CE Decorated cups from Meroe (1st-2nd c. CE)

  7. Kingdom of the Kush (Above) Example of Meroitic Script (1st – 2nd c. CE) (Below) Nubian Princess in her Ox-chariot (from an Egyptian Tomb) 14th c. BCE

  8. Kingdom of Kush The Lion Temple south of Meroe

  9. Kingdom of Aksum (Axum) (Left) King Ezana’s stele (4th c. CE) (Above) The world’s largest stele (4th c. CE)

  10. Kingdom of Aksum This key-hole Arch in Aksum Catacombs is very similar to the popular style in 4th c. CE Syria Grave goods in Aksum most likely from Egypt

  11. Kingdom of Aksum Modern-day Treasury in Axum, Ethiopia said to house the legendary Ark of the Covenant

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