World War 1 and its Aftermath (1914-1919)

1. World War 1 and its Aftermath(1914-1919) The Stage Is Set Another positive learning experience at Camp Haskell!

2. World History-Social Science Content Standards for California Public Schools • 10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of the First World War. • 1. Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian population in support of "total war." • 2. Examine the principal theaters of battle, major turning points, and the importance of geographic factors in military decisions and outcomes (e.g., topography, waterways, distance, climate). • 3. Explain how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the United States affected the course and outcome of the war. • 4. Understand the nature of the war and its human costs (military and civilian) on all sides of the conflict, including how colonial peoples contributed to the war effort. • 5. Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman government's actions against Armenian citizens.

3. To many war in Europe seemed far away in the decades before 1914. French idealist Frederic Passy believed the age of war was in the past. Otto von Bismarck didn’t share their optimism. “but you will see it, and it will start in the east.” It was Bismarck’s prediction that came true. Alfred Nobel (Dynamites Inventor) came to regret the militaristic use of his invention. In his will he set up the Nobel Peace Prize for the individual most responsible for the advancement of peace in a given year. Women’s Suffrage movement also supported peace movement. Aletta Jacobs (first women doctor in the Netherlands) argued that if women won the vote, they would be able to prevent wars. “They don’t feel as men do about war. They are the mothers of the race. Men think of the economic results, women think of the grief and pain.” Governments also backed peace, The Universal Peace Conference brought together leaders from many nations to submit their disputes. There was no legal leverage but it was a step toward keeping peace. Ass you will see there are other forces pushing Europe to the brink of war. The Stage Is Set

4. Nationalism • German pride in military and industry • French show anger towards Germany for earlier losses • Russian loyalty to all Slavic people • Nationalism a strong loyalty to a nation and culture • Alsace and Lorraine • Pan-Slavism

5. Economic Conflicts • Rivalries among Britain, Germany, and France • Desire to leader of industry • Competition for colonies • England was leader of industry, now Germany was leader.

6. Militarism • Race to build bigger armies and navies • Need to be ready for war • Image of war as glorious • Growing power of military leaders • Glorification of the military • Arms race- as international tensions grew, the great powers expanded their armies and navies • Rivalries between Germany and England grew.

7. Alliances • Uniting of Central Powers • Uniting of allies • Russian agreements with smaller Slavic nations • Agreements to defend each other • Central powers; Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy • Allies; Britain, France, and Russia • Consequences- Other countries were being tangled onto alliances and local conflict turned into a great war

8. Causes of WW1