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French Revolution

French Revolution. Toward a New Political Order. Daily Response. Define “revolution” List as many revolutions as you can. Revolution. Usually seen as radical, bloody overthrows of political power followed by the institution of extensive changes in government and society.

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution Toward a New Political Order

  2. Daily Response • Define “revolution” • List as many revolutions as you can

  3. Revolution • Usually seen as radical, bloody overthrows of political power followed by the institution of extensive changes in government and society.

  4. Revolution vs. Evolution • Revolution: Root in the term evolution • A slow, steady and pervasive change over a long period of time • Re means to do it again, to ∆ nature of things • Do revolutions have to be bloody? • Examples of those that that have not been bloody?

  5. Beatles, “Revolution”: RESPONSE • Why have people in the past struggles for their rights? • What do you think of when you hear the term revolution? • What do you know about revolutions? • What’s the difference between a war and a revolution? • Identify conditions existing within a society that would propel people to embark upon a revolution • What does the Beatles’ revolution seem to be about?

  6. French Revolution Preview • Identify what’s happening in each slide and hypothesize its meaning & significance

  7. Not Enough …

  8. Experiencing the Fervor of the French Revolution

  9. Overview • You will experience the stages of the French Revolution by assuming the role of an individual – a monarch, a member of the clergy, or a commoner – in revolutionary France. • 3 Stages to experience: • Financial Crisis • Meeting of the Estates General • Reign of Terror

  10. Stage 1: Financial Crisis

  11. Step 1: Background Information • You will be assuming the role of members of French society during the 1780s. • Arrangements: • One lord at each manor • Peasants on the floor • Lords & clergy sit at desks • Royalty sit atop desks • Read the description of the character that appears in italics at the top of the role card. • Underline important information

  12. Step 2: Discuss Background Info • For each of the following slides, respond to the following questions: • Take notes as we proceed

  13. Palace of Versailles • Who was King Louis XVI? • When did her reign over FR? • What was the Palace of Versailles? • How did Louis XVI use the palace to increase his power?

  14. King Louis XVI • Who was King Louis XVI? • When did he reign? • Who was the Queen of France during King Louis XVI reign?

  15. Marie Antoinette • Where was she from? • Did she express a concern for the French people?

  16. Step 3: Peasants Prepare Food • Peasants: use scratch paper & scissors to carefully reproduce the food token that appears on you’re your role card • Peasants: Remember!! • Food production is crucial to the well-being & stability of French society • Your primary function in society is to produce food • If you do not reproduce tokens, you will “starve” & lose points for the activity • You must work until you produce 20 food tokens • Other members: watch, talk, provide words of encouragement, or simply relax!

  17. Step 4: Peasants Pay Taxes • The government will collect taxes and the Church will collect tithes!! • Lords: • Collect all food tokens from peasants • Clergy: • Go to each manor and take 10% of all food tokens as the Church’s tithe • Controller-General: • Take 50% of the food tokens as the govt’s tax and show it to the king & queen • Lords: • Keep ½ of the rest of the manor’s food tokens & evenly distribute the remaining tokens to the peasants. (**Keep your food tokens for Stage 2!!)

  18. Step 5: Controller-General:Emergency Announcement • Controller-General: read your emergency announcement (appears on Step 5 or your role card) • ……. • Realize: Serious measures may be taken to remedy this situation!!

  19. Stage 1: Connecting with History • Respond to the following questions: (DON’T write) • How did it feel to be a monarch? The Controller-General? A noble? A member of the clergy? A peasant? • How does it feel to be “born” into a role you cannot change? • Who has the most power in society? Who has the least? • What are some of the advantages of organizing a society in this way? What are some disadvantages? • What do you think should have been done to save the French Revolution? • In what ways do you think your experience was different from the historical reality? In what ways was it similar?

  20. Stage 1: Historical Summary Take Notes on the Following Slides!!

  21. French Estates • Wars w/ Eng.→ National Debt (spent > received) • Extravagant lifestyle @ Versailles • Sharp rise in TAXES!! • Peasants burdened • - Poor harvests • - Paid taxes • - ↑in P of bread

  22. Meeting of Estates General(not since 1614!!) • To solve financial crisis: Louis XVI called it to meet (*Necker) • 3 orders: clergy, nobility, commoners

  23. Stage 2: Experiencing the Meeting of the Estates General

  24. Step 1: King Assembles Estates General for Advice • Receive the role card that corresponds with the role you assumed for Stage 1 • Assume the correct places in the classroom • Third Estate needs to stand! Others may sit. • Carefully read the description of your character • Redistribute tokens • King Louis XVI speaks: … • Class should kneel in reverent silence as he speaks • Applaud when he is finished

  25. Step 2: Three Estates Prepare to Meet • Prepare for the meeting of the Estates General • Decide whether to vote by head or by order • Draft a proposal to solve the financial crisis • Designate a spokesperson to present the proposal to the king & queen • Create a banner with a slogan & a visual symbol representing your estate • Take 20-25 minutes to complete all tasks

  26. Step 3: Each Estate Proposes a Plan to Save France • Spokesperson for the First Estate approach the throne, kneel before monarchs, & present the Estate’s proposal • Spokesperson from Second Estate “ • Spokesperson from Third Estate “ • Third Estate: How do you feel?

  27. Step 4: King Proposes Plan to Save France • King: Read statement from Step 4 of role card: …

  28. Step 5: Estates General Vote on King’s Plan • Three Estates: Discuss the king’s proposal for 1-2 minutes & then vote by order on it • Take a vote … who wins?? • King: Read statement from Step 5 on role card: … • How does the Third Estate feel?

  29. Step 6: Severe Famine Occurs • A severe famine has occurred. Bread prices have doubled. Commoners are having extreme difficulty obtaining food. • I will collect all but one token from member of the Third Estate. • Bread prices are increasing: they doubled in 1789 … How would you feel??

  30. Step 7: Third Estate Respond to the Situation • Third Estate: Respond tob the following questions: • Describe what happened at the Estates General • How does it feel to be a member of the Third Estate? • Do you agree w/ the results of the Estates General? Explain. • Which groups had the most power during the Estates General? The least? • How did you feel when the famine occurred? Why?

  31. Step 7: Third Estate Respond to the Situation • What options do the members of the Third Estate have to change their status? • How many people of the Third Estate would now vote to meet apart from the privileged orders as the true representatives of the people of France & start their own government? • How many people of the First & Second Estates would support the members of the Third Estate who wish to start a new government? Why?

  32. Step 7: Third Estate Respond to the Situation • Take a vote • …

  33. Step 7: Third Estate Respond to the Situation A REVOLUTION HAS BEGUN!! Revolutionary Students: • Hold out one hand in front of you and repeat the actual Tennis Court Oath as follows: • “I swear an oath to God and nation never to be separated until we have formed a solid and equitable Constitution as out constituents have asked us to.”

  34. Stage 2: Connecting with History • How did it feel to be a monarch during the meeting of the Estates General? The Controller-General? A noble? A member of the clergy? A peasant? • For those who voted to meet as a separate body, how did it feel to take that action? • For those who chose not to become part of the revolutionary movement, how did it feel to see so many people move toward revolution? • Who might have the power in society after the meeting of the Estates General? Who might have the least? • What questions do you have about the similarities between your experience and the historical reality? About the differences?

  35. Stage 2: Historical Summary Take Notes on the Following Slides!!

  36. Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789) • Clear that Estates General would meet & vote as separate orders … • Members of the National Assembly: True Representative Body of FR • For a New Constitution (never disband until written)

  37. Rumors spread that king’s troops were coming to sack Paris … Storming of the Bastille (July 1789) • Medieval fort & prison • For gunpowder (defend against King Louis XVI) • Revolutionary crowds took it (98 ppl killed, soldiers surrendered • Why was this a spark?

  38. The March on Versailles (October 5, 1789) • ↑in unemployment & hunger • 7,000 desperate women demanded bread (WHY Women??) • Invaded palace, killed several guards→ King moved to Paris, never to return to Versailles

  39. Stage 3: Experiencing the Radical Republic

  40. Step 1: Louis XVI Recognizes the National Assembly • Receive the role card that correspond with the role you played for Stage 2 • Robespierre: From Third Estate • Carefully read the description of your character • **Important: Member of the National Assembly are now considered supporters of the revolution, even if you didn’t support it in Step 5 of Stage 2 • Louis XVI makes his speech: … • National Assembly should applaud at the end

  41. Step 2: Controller-General Describes the Financial Crisis • Controller-General: Make speech from Step 2: … • See … still financial problems during the revolution …

  42. Step 3: National Assembly Discusses & Proposes Solutions • National Assembly: discuss among yourselves solutions to the financial crisis (2-3 minutes) • Call any member of your National Assembly to kneel before the monarchs and make your proposal • Voice vote • If approved … do you approve, king? (king: refer to Step 3 on your role card) • Continue to work out a compromise

  43. Step 4: Robespierre Announces a Revolutionary Plan • Robespierre receives secret document • Robespierre: stand & dramatically read from Step 4: … • National Assembly: may examine document as “proof” that the king & queen are traitors • Raise your hands if you’re in favor!!

  44. Step 5: National Assembly Puts the King on Trial • Robespierre: Ask members of the National Assembly: • “Who will speak in defense of this wicked king?” • King: You may speak on your own behalf • Robespierre: if supporters emerge … are they traitors? Call them out!! • Vote: is king guilty or innocent? • Robespierre: “Who votes to convict the king as guilty of treason?

  45. Step 5: National Assembly Puts the King on Trial • The king is convicted and he’s sentenced to death!! ….. By what means??

  46. Guillotine • I will escort the king to the Cemetery …

  47. Step 6: Robespierre Leads the Radical Republic • Robespierre: read your speech from Step 6 • Begin discussing a new constitution • Meanwhile … Robespierre: identify traitors to your cause that you want “executed” (6-8)

  48. Now, … go off to the cemetery …

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