1. Greece and Rome Ch 4

2. I. General Information • Greece and Rome greatly influenced the western world • US Constitution • Architecture • Rome helped spread Christianity (indirectly) • Rome was greatly influenced by Greek history

3. I. General Information • Rome Vs. Greece • Rome • Mighty Empire • Mastery of Engineering • Greece • City-states • Scientific Thought (philosophy) • Similarities • Political Ideas (Democracy and Republic) • Religion • Artistic Styles • Economy (agricultural with heavy trade)

4. II. Greece • Earliest society was on Crete (Myceneans) • The civilization involved in the Trojan War • Later invaded the Peloponnesus (Greece) • Led to the Greek Dark Ages (1150-800 BC) • Became known as the Greeks or the Hellenes

5. II. Greece • Archaic Period (800-500BC) • The city-states soon developed • Warred against each other unless invaded • Xerxes and the Persians (492-490 & 480-479 BC) • Main cities were Athens and Sparta • Athens- democratic (508 BC) and philosophic • Sparta- oligarchy and militaristic • Pericles- peak of Athens democracy • Influenced the government through negotiations • All men were expected to participate

6. II. Greece • Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) • Sparta and its allies defeated Athens and its allies • Greatly weakened the city-states • Allowed Phillip II of Macedon to take over • Alexander the Great • Son of Phillip II • Expanded the Macedonian empire into Asia • Spread Greek culture • Founded Alexandria in Egypt

7. II. Greece

8. II. Greece • Culture • Socrates • Question everything to improve it • Plato • Student of Socrates • Human reasoning can help understand the world • Aristotle • Student of Plato • Stressed moderation • Sophocles • Dramatist • OedipusRex and Antigone • Homer • “Historian” • Iliad and Odyssey

9. II. Greece • Contributions • Democracy • Socratic Method • Philosophy • Olympics • Pythagorean Theorem • Anatomy • Architecture

10. III. Rome • Began as a Roman monarch around 800 BC • Etruscans • Monarchy overthrown by Roman Aristocrats 509 BC • Became the Roman Republic

11. III. Rome • Romans were paranoid about invasion • Expanded their territory • Punic Wars (264- 146 BC) • Result of Roman expansion • 3 wars with Carthage • 1st Punic War was over Sicily • 2nd Punic War- Hannibal invades through the Alps • 3rd Punic War- Rome attack Carthage and ends the war

12. III. Rome • End of the Republic • Executive branch was made up of 2 Counsels • Julius Caesar was invading Gaul and Pompey had a disagreement • Crosses the Rubicon 45 BC and overthrew Pompey to become dictator. "aleaiactaest" – the die is cast. • Julius Caesar assassinated by Senate on March 15 44 BC • After Civil War Octavian Caesar Augustus takes over as “emperor” (27 BC) • Led to PaxRomana (27 BC- 180 AD) • PaxRomana ends with death of Marcus Aurelius who expanded to Britain

13. III. Rome • Christianity • Originated with Jesus Christ of Nazareth • Was able to spread throughout the “known” world due to Roman Roads • Apostle Paul traveled heavily on these roads • Heavily persecuted by emperors due to refusal to give 1st allegiance to empire • Nero, Diocletian and Marcus Aurelius • Constantine converted which ended the persecution(313 AD) • Moved capital to Constantinople and divided into 2 halfs

14. III. Rome • Fall of Rome • Invaded by the Barbarians • Goths and Huns • Incompetent emperors • Eventually fell in 476 AD • Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453 with its capital in Constantinople • Side Note- Gladiator games offered free bread 3x a day as well as entertainment (heavy welfare dependence help lead to the fall?)

15. III. Rome Visigoths

16. III. Rome Heavy Metal German Goth

17. III. Rome • Laws • Twelve Tables (450 BC) • Helped protect the rights of citizens • Regulated commerce • Religious tolerance • Allowed all religions as long as they gave allegiance to Rome 1st • Local Rule • Allowed conquered regions to rule themselves but submit to Roman law • Citizenship • Naturalized citizens

18. III. Rome • Contributions • Arches • Republic • Senate • Christianity • Cement