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Reform Movements

This overview explores key reform movements in Antebellum America that aimed to bring about social, political, and economic change. Focused on individual responsibility and community connection, the Second Great Awakening encouraged personal and religious revitalization, while Transcendentalism highlighted the importance of nature and civil disobedience. The abolitionist movement gained momentum, seeking to end slavery and promote equality. Women's rights and education reforms were also vital, challenging societal norms and improving conditions for marginalized groups. These movements collectively aimed for a more just and equitable society.

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Reform Movements

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  1. Reform Movements Reform= change for the better… Economically, Politically, Socially and Culturally

  2. Religion • Second Great Awakening • Movement that said people had individual responsibility rejected predetermination • Ideas spread through revivals –religious meetings that lasted 4-5 days • Mormonism • Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints • Additional book(Book of Mormon) • Practiced Polygamy • Relocated to Utah(1847)

  3. Transcendentalism • Literary Movement • Emphasized a simple life and connection with nature • Believed in civil disobedience – peacefully disobeying or breaking laws

  4. Utopian Communities • Word “Utopia” means perfect place • Stressed self sufficiency • Did NOT last long

  5. Prison Reform/Treatment of the Insane • Prisoners were physically punished • Criminals and mentally ill people were housed together • Public hospitals est. 1845-1852 for mentally ill-Dorthea Dix • Prison reformers stressed rehabilitation penitentiary = place of repentance

  6. Methods of Repentance in Prison

  7. Education Reform • Before 1850- one-room schools, physicals punishment and poorly trained teachers were usual • After 1850, each state provided some form of free public elementary schools • Improvements came first in the North East- the south and west lagged behind

  8. Education Reform continue

  9. Forms of Discipline • Razor Strap • Ruler • Whoopings…

  10. Abolitionist Movement • Abolition= get rid of slavery • After 1830’s, anti-slave movement gets stronger • Underground railroad • ….A series of “safe houses” that helped slaves escape from the South to the North • Rebellions begin in the South- caused stricter controls on slaves

  11. William Lloyd Garrison • White abolitionist; published the newspaper “The Liberator”

  12. Frederick Douglas – black abolitionist; published newspaper The North Star

  13. Nat Turner - Led an unsuccessful slave revolt and rebellions begin in the South – causedstricter controls on slaves

  14. Women’s Rights • In Antebellum U.S. women could not: • Vote • Sit on juries • Earned ¼ of what men did for the same job-and their money belonged to their husbands • Cult of Domesticity • “a woman’s place is in the home

  15. Temperance Movement • Prohibited drinking of alcohol • 1848-Seneca Falls Convention in Seneca Falls, NY • Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments – declared that all men and women are created equal.

  16. The Lowell Mill • Owners hired single women so they could pay them low wages(pg 262) • Women faced poor working conditions and 17hour days.

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