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Voice and Voice Disorders

Voice and Voice Disorders. Basic Anatomy and Physiology Loudness disorders Pitch disorders Quality disorders Diagnosis and evaluation Treatment. Basic Anatomy and Physiology. Physiology. Abduction (opening) Sub-glottal air pressure Adduction (closing) Vocal fold elasticity

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Voice and Voice Disorders

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  1. Voice and Voice Disorders • Basic Anatomy and Physiology • Loudness disorders • Pitch disorders • Quality disorders • Diagnosis and evaluation • Treatment Voice & Voice Disorders

  2. Basic Anatomy and Physiology Voice & Voice Disorders

  3. Voice & Voice Disorders

  4. Voice & Voice Disorders

  5. Voice & Voice Disorders

  6. Voice & Voice Disorders

  7. Physiology • Abduction (opening) • Sub-glottal air pressure • Adduction (closing) • Vocal fold elasticity • Bernouli effect Voice & Voice Disorders

  8. Vocal Fold Vibration • Males about 120 Hz • Females about 200 Hz • Children about 240 Hz Voice & Voice Disorders

  9. Intensity of Voice • 30 dB for soft speech • 50 dB for normal speech • 70 dB for loud speech • 90 dB for shouting Voice & Voice Disorders

  10. Normal Voice Quality • Difficult to quantify because it is so subjective. • Disorders of quality use subjective terms Voice & Voice Disorders

  11. Disorders of Loudness • Aphonia • Spastic Dysphonia • Chronic Weak Voice • Excessive Loudness Voice & Voice Disorders

  12. Disorders of pitch • Habitual Pitch Levels • Variations in Pitch • Pitch Breaks • Falsetto • Other Pitch Disorders Voice & Voice Disorders

  13. Habitual Pitch Levels • Variability is normal between people • Changes in pitch during puberty • Causes of abnormal pitch • “infantile” personalities • Tension • Transexuals • Functional (e.g., voice of authority) • Anabolic steroids • Hearing loss Voice & Voice Disorders

  14. Variations in pitch • Monotone can be due to … • Emotional conflicts (e.g., depression) • Fatigue • Hearing loss • Habitual pitch near bottom or top of pitch range. Voice & Voice Disorders

  15. Pitch breaks • Occurs during puberty • Rapid shift from high to low, or low to high pitch Voice & Voice Disorders

  16. Falsetto • Abnormally high pitch due to tightening of vocal folds. • Causes include . . . • Psychological problems • Defense against pitch breaks • Method of preventing hoarseness of harsh voice. Voice & Voice Disorders

  17. Other pitch disorders • Tremulous voice • Diplophonia Voice & Voice Disorders

  18. Quality Disorders • Disorders of Resonance • Disorders of Laryngeal Tone Voice & Voice Disorders

  19. Disorders of Resonance • Hypernasality ... excessive nasality • Causes . . . • Cleft palate • Adenoids or tonsils removed • Assimilation nasality • Other • Hyponasality (denasality) • Nasal passages are closed off. • Causes. . . • Enlarged tonsils or adenoids • URI Voice & Voice Disorders

  20. Disorders of Laryngeal Tone • Breathiness • Harsh Voice • Hoarse Voice Voice & Voice Disorders

  21. Breathiness • Excessive amount of airflow and lack of consistent vocal fold vibration • Insert 12.9 video clip • Causes . . . • Weakness of vocal folds • Contact ulcers, vocal nodules, vocal polyps • Non-organic causes Voice & Voice Disorders

  22. Harsh voice • Often found in presence of “glottal fry” • Unusually high degree of tension. • Causes . . . • Non-organic • Having to speak in background noise Voice & Voice Disorders

  23. Hoarse Voice • Combination of breathy and harsh voice (cheerleader’s voice) • Causes . . . • vocal abuse • Severe cold or laryngitis • Early sign of organic pathology Voice & Voice Disorders

  24. Diagnosis of Voice Disorder • Medical • Speech-Language Pathology Voice & Voice Disorders

  25. Medical • Physical exam includes laryngoscope • Endoscope • Video stroboscopy Voice & Voice Disorders

  26. Speech-Language Pathologist • Perceptual assessment • Voice disorders are observed and tested by speech language pathologist. Normally a high quality recording is made. Voice & Voice Disorders

  27. Treatment of Voice Disorder • Medical • Therapy Voice & Voice Disorders

  28. Medical • Physical removal of polyp or nodule • Laryngectomy • Removal of Vocal Folds Voice & Voice Disorders

  29. Medical Voice & Voice Disorders

  30. Speech therapy • Relaxation techniques • Adaptive behavior • Artificial larynx (see video clip 12.10) • esophageal speech Voice & Voice Disorders

  31. Voice & Voice Disorders

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