1. Chapter 4 Ancient Egypt Ms. Smith 8th Grade Social Studies

2. Chapter 4 Vocabulary • Delta – a fan-shaped area of fertile land where most ancient Egyptians lived. • Cataracts – shallow water rapids of the Nile River that protected the Egyptians from foreign invasion.

3. Chapter 4 Vocabulary • Shadoof – a machine that lifted water from the Nile and placed it in the basins. • Basin – Bowl shaped holes. • Menes (Narmer) – United Upper and Lower Egypt in about 3100 B.C.

4. Chapter 4 Vocabulary • Farming – the main occupation (job) of Ancient Egyptians. • Pharaoh – Ruler of Ancient Egypt. Was considered a ruler, priest, and a god. Center of Egyptian life. Ruled the Earth.

5. Chapter 4 Vocabulary • Pyramids – Great tombs built for Pharaoahs to protect them from floods, wild animals, and robbers. • Hapi – Egyptian river god. • Ra – Egyptian sun god.

6. Chapter 4 Vocabulary • Osiris – early Pharaoh who gave Egyptians laws and taught them farming. God of the harvest and eternal life. • Isis – wife of Osiris. Ruled over the dead. • Underworld – where all souls went after death.

7. Chapter 4 Vocabulary • Book of the Dead – special book that contained magic spells needed for life after death. • Embalming – process to preserve the bodies of the dead. At first, only pharaohs, but later others.