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Judicial Branch Vocabulary

Judicial Branch Vocabulary. Inferior Courts. Lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme Court. Jurisdiction. The authority of a court to hear a case. Plaintiff. In civil cases, the person who sues another person (the defendant) in court. Defendant.

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Judicial Branch Vocabulary

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  1. Judicial Branch Vocabulary

  2. Inferior Courts • Lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme Court

  3. Jurisdiction • The authority of a court to hear a case

  4. Plaintiff • In civil cases, the person who sues another person (the defendant) in court

  5. Defendant • In civil cases, the person who is being sued by another person (the plaintiff)

  6. Original Jurisdiction • The power of a court to hear a case before any other court can hear it.

  7. Appellate Jurisdiction • The authority of a court to review the decision of a lower court.

  8. Criminal Case • A case in which a person is on trial for committing a crime (burglary, drug charges, etc.)

  9. Civil Case • A case that does not involve a criminal act (law suits)

  10. Docket • A court’s list of cases to be heard

  11. Writ of Certiorari • An order given to a lower court to send records on a case to a higher court to be reviewed.

  12. Majority Opinion • Officially called the Opinion of the Court; announces the court’s decision in a case and its reasons for making that decision.

  13. Precedent • A court decision that serves as an example to be followed in the future.

  14. Concurring Opinion • Written explanation of the views of one or more judges that SUPPORT a decision made by the majority of the Court.

  15. Dissenting Opinion • Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who DO NOT support a decision made the majority of the Court.

  16. Redress • Paying off a claim from a civil case

  17. Court Martial • A court composed of military personnel for the trial of someone accused of violating military law.

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