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Earthquakes

Earthquakes. BJ Stalhood, Katie Dillard, Shenley Reese, and Alexis Salazar . Seismic Wave. - are waves of energy that travel through the Earth, and are a result of an earthquake, explosion, or a volcano that imparts low-frequency acoustic energy. . Primary Waves:

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Earthquakes

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  1. Earthquakes BJ Stalhood, Katie Dillard, Shenley Reese, and Alexis Salazar

  2. Seismic Wave -are waves of energy that travel through the Earth, and are a result of an earthquake, explosion, or a volcano that imparts low-frequency acoustic energy.

  3. Primary Waves: -are compressional waves that are longitudinal in nature. P waves are pressure waves that travel faster than other waves through the earth to arrive at seismograph stations first hence the name "Primary". These waves can travel through any type of material, including fluids, and can travel at nearly twice the speed of S waves.. Types of Seismic Waves Secondary Waves: -are shear waves that are transverse in nature. These waves arrive at seismograph stations after the faster moving P waves during an earthquake and displace the ground perpendicular to the direction of propagation. The ground moves alternately to one side and then the other. S waves can travel only through solids, …

  4. as fluids (liquids and gases) do not support shear stresses. S waves are slower than P waves, and speeds are typically around 60% of that of P waves in any given material. Surface Waves: -(L-waves) are analogous to water waves and travel along the Earth's surface. They travel slower than body waves. Because of their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude, they can be the most destructive type of seismic wave. They are called surface waves because they diminish as they get further from the surface. Seismic Types Continued

  5. Seismograph Seismograph -are instruments that measure motions of the ground, including those of seismic wavesgenerated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other seismic sources.

  6. Focus and Epicenter Focus – The center of interest or activity. Epicenter – The point on the earth’s surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.

  7. Two tectonic plates shift within earth at the focus of the earthquake. The epicenter of the quake is where the shock waves break through earth’s surface. They are found at different depths below the ground surface. The focus of an earthquake is the point BELOW the ground surface where earthquake originates while epicenter is the point on earth’s surface just ABOVE the focus. The Difference and the Same

  8. Richter Scale The Richter magnitude scale is any of a number of ways to assign a single number to quantify the energy contained in an earthquake.

  9. The Mercalli intensity scale is a seismic scale used for measuring the intensity of an earthquake. It measures the effects of an earthquake, and is distinct from the moment magnitude usually reported for an earthquake (sometimes described as the obsolete (Richter magnitude scale). MercalliScale

  10. Tsunami The pacific Ocean is surrounded by a series of mountain chain, deep ocean trenches , and island arcs, sometimes called a “ring of fire.”

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