1. Monitoring and Evaluation Prof. Thomas Tufte, PhD Roskilde University Presentation given at MIH, University of Copenhagen, 19 February 2013

2. What is Monitoring and Evaluation about? • Why monitor and evaluate? • Who decides what to monitor? • The people, the org/consultant, the donor • What to monitor and evaluate? • Processes, outcomes, impact • Using what tools? From KAP to Ethnography • Baseline: survey, qualitative strategies • Time line? Long-, medium- shortterm • M><E; internal instruments >< external

3. Individual Change Knowledge Skills Attitudes Practices Social Change Leadership Degree and Equity of Participation Information Equity Collective Self-Efficacy Sense of Ownership Social Cohesion Social Norms Challenges in M&E- which change process are you evaluating?

4. What are you evaluating? • What level of intervention are you evaluating: • Individual • Community • Societal • Distiguish between processes and outcomes

5. Whatareyouexpecting from an evaluation? Results of specific intervention? Understanding of changeprocesses? Organizingobservableevidencewillproduceresults Producinginsightsthroughanalysiswithproduceunderstanding

6. Soul City Experience Media monitoring Partnershipanalysis National survey Sentinel site studies Costefficiencyanalysis Threelevels of analysis: individual, community, society

7. From KAP to ’Integrated Model’ • M&E onIndividualBehaviourChange: KAP Studies/Steps to BehaviourChange • M&E on Social Change: • The Integrated Model on CFSC • Most SignificantChange (MSC)

8. Communication for Social Change: what kinds of interventions • Stimulating community dialogues • Creating an enabling information and communication environment; • Catalysing social change • Promoting accountability • CFSC approaches (Malawi) • FEMINA: Plural media capable of airing discordant voices, and spaces for public dialogue (Talk shows, FEMINA, SiMChezo, PilikaPilika) • Soul City • Access to and sharing information and participatory budgeting