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Understanding Weather Factors: Temperature, Pressure, Wind, Humidity, and Cloud Types

Weather is influenced by various factors including air temperature, wind, humidity, and air pressure. Temperature is the average motion of molecules, measured by thermometers. Low temperatures slow molecular movement, leading to cooler sensations, while high temperatures increase speed and warmth. Wind results from air moving from high to low pressure. Humidity, measured by hygrometers, indicates moisture levels in the air. Clouds, classified by height and shape, form from warm, moist air, leading to different types of precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail.

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Understanding Weather Factors: Temperature, Pressure, Wind, Humidity, and Cloud Types

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  1. Weather

  2. Weather Factors • Air Temperature • Molecules always moving • Measure of the average amount of molecule motion • Measured by a thermometer • Temperature high molecules move more rapidly feels warm • Temperature low molecules move slowly feels cool

  3. Weather Factors • Wind • Sun warms Earth’s surface  warms air above – air expands & rises low pressure • Cold dense air sinks  high pressure • CAUSES the wind- air moves from areas of high to low pressure • Measured by: direction weather vane weather sock Speed anemometer

  4. Weather Factors • Humidity • Measured by a hygrometer • Warm moist air  more vapor moves fast Molecules

  5. Weather Factors • Humidity • Cold air  less vapor moves slowly Because molecules move slowly the water vapor sticks & forms droplets= condensation

  6. Weather Factors • Relative humidity • Amount of water vapor in air compared to amount needed for saturation (most it can hold)

  7. Weather Factors • Air pressure • Weight of air pressing down on surface • Measured by barometer

  8. Cloud Formation: • warm moist air condenses in tiny droplets around dust and salt particles • Particles remain suspended- billions of these form clouds

  9. Classified by • Height • cirro = high • alto= middle • strato= low • example • cirrostratus= high layer of stratus clouds • Altocumulus=middle layer of cumulus clouds

  10. Explain what stratus clouds look like:

  11. Classified by: • Shape • Stratus – smooth even sheets (layers) Low altitudes Fair weather Fog= stratus cloud near ground

  12. Describe cumulus clouds:

  13. Cumulus- • puffy white with flat bases Fair weather

  14. Describe Cirrus Clouds:

  15. Cirrus- • high thin white feathery Made of ice crystals • Fair weather • Signals approaching storms

  16. Describe nimbostratus

  17. Rain clouds • Nimbus = dark • Nimbostratus • dark layered clouds • long steady rain/snow

  18. Describe cumulonimbus clouds

  19. Rain clouds • Cumulonimbus • dark puffy clouds • thunderstorms

  20. Precipitation • Cloud droplets grow large enough to fall • Type determined by temperature

  21. Rain • Water falling in temperatures above freezing (32°) Above 32°

  22. Snow Below 32° • Water falling in freezing temperatures that vapor changes directly to solid

  23. sleet Above 32° • Rain passes through freezing temps near Earth’s surface forming ice pellets Below 32

  24. Hail • Water drops freeze in layers around small nuclei of ice in cumulonimbus clouds during a thunderstorm grow larger by being tossed up and down by air in clouds

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