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Understanding Memory: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

Explore the fascinating aspects of memory, including encoding, storage, and retrieval. Learn how our attention plays a role in encoding information, and how memories are stored in different memory stores. Discover the various methods of retrieval, including free recall, cued recall, recognition, and more. Understand the processes of reconstructing events and the potential for false memories. Enhance your knowledge of memory and its importance in our daily lives.

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Understanding Memory: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Memory

  2. Memory: Overview • Memory: Active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves) information • Encoding • Converting information into a useable form • Storage • Holding this information in memory for later use • Retrieval • Taking memories out of storage

  3. Encoding • The role of attention

  4. Storage • Computer analogy • Information-processing theories • Subdivide memory into 3 different stores • Sensory, Short-term, Long-term

  5. Storage:Sensory Memory • Storing an exact copy of incoming information for a fraction of a second; the first stage of memory • Icon: A fleeting mental image or visual representation • Echo: After a sound is heard, a brief continuation of the sound in the auditory system

  6. Storage:Short-Term Memory • Temporary storage of recent events • Chunking – grouping familiar stimuli for storage as a single unit • Rehearsal – the process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about the information

  7. Storage:Long-Term Memory • Relatively permanently storage based upon meaning and importance

  8. Eidetic Imagery (Somewhat Like Photographic Memory) • Occurs when a person (usually a child) has visual images clear enough to be scanned or retained for at least 30 seconds • Usually projected onto a “plain” surface, like a blank piece of paper • Usually disappears during adolescence and is rare by adulthood

  9. Retrieval • Methods of Retrieval • Free Recall – asked to say what you remember • Cued Recall – given significant hints • Recognition – choose from among several items • Savings – asked to re-learn something • Reconstructing Events • Reconstruction Process – rely upon routine and expectations • Hindsight Bias – mold our recollection to fit past events • Misinformation Effect – other people distort your memories • False memories – controversy over authenticity • Savings – asked to re-learn something

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