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Mexican Revolution and Its Effects

Mexican Revolution and Its Effects. Calls for Independence. Many Mexicans were becoming unhappy with Spanish rule Political appointments and power was only open to Spanish citizens. Peninsulares -People born in Spain. Social System. However, most people were not direct Spanish citizens.

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Mexican Revolution and Its Effects

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  1. Mexican Revolution and Its Effects

  2. Calls for Independence • Many Mexicans were becoming unhappy with Spanish rule • Political appointments and power was only open to Spanish citizens. • Peninsulares-People born in Spain.

  3. Social System • However, most people were not direct Spanish citizens. • These people were not treated with the same respect. • Criollos-people born in Mexico or Texas whose parents were from Spain. • Able to hold small positions in church, army, or government • Considered “lower” that the Spanish • Mestizos-people with one Spanish parent and one Native parent • Majority of the population • Considered “lower” than the Criollos

  4. Social System • Native Americans • Considered “lower” than the Mestizos • Had very few opportunities • African slaves • Considered property • Had no rights

  5. Caste System in New Spain

  6. Mestizos

  7. Criollo-Father Miguel Hidalgo

  8. Spanish Caste System

  9. Social System-Unrest • Because the Spanish-born can only hold high positions, the Criollos resent their power. • The Mestizos are seen as socially “low,” so they resent the Spanish for creating this system and not allowing them to seek better opportunities. • The Native Americans and Africans blame New Spain for the harsh life they must live. • Tension among these ethnic groups

  10. Conditions in Spain • The Spanish government is busy fighting its own wars in Europe. • Spain sees New Spain as its most wealthy colony. • The Spanish economy depends New Spain as an important link to Asia. • Vera Cruz and Acapulco ports (Mexico) are hubs of trade, so Spain spends money to protect these trade routes. • The Spanish government decides to tax the people of New Spain to generate money.

  11. Spanish Taxes • Spain starts to tax the church in New Spain. • Catholic priests are furious at this, because they do not have much money to begin with. • Criollos and Mestizos are mad that they have to pay high taxes. • Citizens in New Spain are inspired by the democratic American Revolution and the French Revolution.

  12. Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costillo • “Father of Mexican Independence” • Catholic priest who is very upset with the Spanish government for the high taxes • Against the mistreatment of Natives

  13. El Grito • September 16, 1810 Father Miguel Hidalgo issues a call for freedom from Spain called El Grito. • Believes the people of Mexico should govern themselves • Hidalgo and his followers revolt. • Hidalgo fails to capture Mexico City and is executed in 1811.

  14. Hidalgo’s Revolt

  15. Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara • Supported Father Hidalgo • Wants to free Texas from Spanish rule • Recruits soldiers to fight in a liberation of Texas • Along with Augustus Magee, he plans to establish a Texas republic where voters choose people to represent them.

  16. Gutierrez-Magee Expedition • August 1812-Gutierrez Magee army, including Tejanos, Natives, and Anglo Americans, captures Nacogdoches • November 1812-Republican Army of North (Gutierrez-Magee) capture Goliad. • March 1813-Spanish surrender San Antonio to Republican forces. • Independence is declared.

  17. Trouble…. • Lots of fighting over how the government should run • August 1813-Spanish forces defeat the Republican army, and most are executed. • Goliad and Nacogdoches become deserted.

  18. James Long • American filibuster who tries to free Texas from Spain 1819 • Asks pirate Jean Lafitte (based in Galveston) for help. • After declaring Texas independent, Spanish forces defeat Long’s army, and he is executed.

  19. Mexican Independence • September 1821-Mexico becomes independent from Spain. • Texas is now part of Mexico. • However, few settlements are in Texas. • San Antonio-capital with 2,000 people • Goliad-few people • Nacogdoches-few people • (El Paso considered part of New Mexico) • (Laredo not considered part of Texas)

  20. Spanish Neglect • Spain had neglected Texas for many years. • Why? • No gold/silver in Texas • Mexico City was a sophisticated city with universities, artists, and physicians, so people preferred to go to a civilized society instead of a remote place like Texas. • Land was more fertile in Mexico or California. • Many Natives in Texas were unfriendly. • In fact, the last governor of Texas describes it as “…a very sad state”

  21. Spanish Legacy • Despite not populating the region, Spain left its mark on Texas. • Many places in Texas with Spanish names. • Ex. San Antonio, El Paso, Corpus Christi, Rio Grande River • Spaniards laid out the first roads. • El Camino Real runs from Nacogdoches to Mexico. • Spaniards brought horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs to Texas. • Texans use the Spanish ranching system.

  22. Spanish Legacy • The cowboy, or vaquero, is a legacy of Spanish Texas. • Distinct Tejano culture derives from Spanish culture • Many Spanish settlers remained in Texas after independence. • 6 million Texans today have Spanish names. • Many Texans read, speak, and write in Spanish.

  23. What examples of the Spanish legacy can YOU see in Texas today?

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