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Specifically Apples

Grafting. Specifically Apples. Deb Shubat - grafter. History. Earliest evidence of grafting recorded on tablets were found in Mesopotamia at Mari 3800 years ago. What is Grafting?. Scion Rootstock. Rootstocks. Why Graft?. Vegetative reproduction Change the variety Change root system

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Specifically Apples

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  1. Grafting Specifically Apples Deb Shubat - grafter

  2. History • Earliest evidence of grafting recorded on tablets were found in Mesopotamia at Mari 3800 years ago.

  3. What is Grafting? • Scion • Rootstock

  4. Rootstocks

  5. Why Graft? • Vegetative reproduction • Change the variety • Change root system • Add pollinator • Repair damage • Create designs

  6. Timing and Conditions • Dormant bench grafting ( Feb.-Mar) • Both scion and root dormant • Whip and tongue • Cleft • Dormant in orchard (Late March-April) • Active growth grafting ( August-early Sept) • T-bud • Chip

  7. Compatibility • Scion and root must be closely related • Best union by grafting within the same species • Apple scion to apple root

  8. Woody Stem Anatomy Bark Vascular Cambium Growth Ring in Xylem Pith

  9. Cambium of scion and rootstock Must Touch!

  10. Scion wood Should be One or two Years old

  11. Prevent Desiccation • Work fast • Cover cut surfaces with parafilm or wax to prevent drying. • Don’t forget to seal the tip

  12. Whip and Tongue Grafting Cut a shallow angle

  13. Whip and Tongue Grafting Use the pith as center and split the stem. Note finger position!

  14. Look at that finger position again! Please don’t cut yourself!

  15. Whip and Tongue Grafting Repeat the same cuts with the scion wood except cut the bottom of the scion.

  16. Whip and Tongue Grafting Push rootstock and scion together with cambium lined up on one side.

  17. Whip and Tongue Grafting

  18. Whip and Tongue Grafting The New Grafting wax

  19. Whip and Tongue Grafting Wrap the whole graft and also the tip of scion.

  20. If your scion has an apical bud, snip it off and seal the cut. The apical bud produces hormones that inhibit healing of the graft.

  21. LABEL YOUR TREE • Use metal labels that take an impression • Bury the label on a designated side of the trunk (example: always on the south side) • Make a map of the yard with locations and names of your plant material

  22. Healed Graft

  23. Cleft Graft

  24. Cleft Graft

  25. Active Growth Grafting • Active growth grafting ( August-early Sept) • T-bud • Chip

  26. T-Bud

  27. Storage and Healing • Place bench grafts in a cool place to start the healing process. • Can be a refrigerator or root cellar • Do not let them dry out • Pot up in May or line out in a garden • Bring the plants out on a cloudy day. • Train the new growth (up 3’)

  28. Protect your tree from animal damage. Least dangerous Vole poison = gum or Rodentrol Wrap trunks up 3 feet or more with a light colored wrap in fall You can use a cylinder of hardware cloth, ¼ inch buried a couple of inches Deer deterrent: Hinder, Plantskydd or rotten eggs+bitters re-spray after rain

  29. Where can I get Grafting Supplies? • Fedco tree catalog also on line • A.M.Leonard catalog and on line • Dans feed bin has Tree Kote/ Wound sealer • Superior Beads ( and knives) have straight bladed knives great for grafting • “Google” grafting supplies and you will find lots of other suppliers • Where can I get a grafter? Ask Shubat

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