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Unit 2 Review

Unit 2 Review. Ecosystems & Population Change The Key pg. 36-60. Interactions within Ecosystems. Levels within Ecosystems: Species Population Community Ecosystem Biomes Key Practice Q#4 Abiotic vs biotic components Ecotones Habitat The area of an ecosystem that an organism lives.

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Unit 2 Review

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  1. Unit 2 Review Ecosystems & Population Change The Key pg. 36-60

  2. Interactions within Ecosystems • Levels within Ecosystems: • Species • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Biomes • Key Practice Q#4 • Abioticvs biotic components • Ecotones • Habitat • The area of an ecosystem that an organism lives. • Ecological niche • The function of an organism in its ecosystem (Includes what the organism eats and where.) • Introduction of foreign species

  3. Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems • Canada’s biomes • Tundra • Taiga • Grassland • Temperate deciduous forest • Lake ecosystems • Zones of a lake

  4. Factors Affecting Ecosystems • Soil • Layers • Oxygen solubility in relation to water temperature • Water temperature and density • 3 levels of a lake • BOD (biological Oxygen demand is greatest at a high [organic pollution] at high temperatures. • Eutrophication: phosphates and nitrates in run-off cause massive blooms of algae, less O2 and kills fish. • Key Q# 3,8

  5. Limits on Populations and Communities in Ecosystems • Biotic potential • Carrying capacity • Law of minimum • Density-dependent vs Density-independent factors • Key Q#5

  6. Changes in Ecosystems • Forestry practices • 3 types • Effect of fires on ecosystems • Oligotrophic vsEutrophic lakes • Low nutrient levels vs high nutrient levels • 5 categories of water pollution • Textbook Pg. 116 • Key Q# 1, 17,18

  7. Classification of Organisms • Binomial nomenclature • Genusspecies • Six-Kingdom System of Classification • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia • Key Q# 12,19

  8. Evidence of a Changing Earth • Paleontology • Evidence from fossils • Radiometric dating • Used for dating rocks • Biogeography • endemic

  9. Evidence from Biology • Homologous vs analogous features • Homologous: features with similar structures but different functions • i.e. forelimbs of a bird, whale, horse, human have similar bone arrangements, but serve different functions. • Analogous: features that are similar in appearance and function, but do not appear to have the same evolutionary origin • i.e. bird’s and insect’s wing. • Embryonic development • Vestigial features • Biochemistry • Amino acid sequence similarity reflects the degree of similarity on the phylogenetic tree. • Artificial selection • Key Q# 11,16

  10. Making of a Theory • Lamark’s theory • Spontaneous generation • Inherited acquired characteristics • Darwin • Natural selection • Key Q# 15

  11. Sources of Inherited Variation • Mutations • Neutral • Harmful • beneficial • Sexual reproduction • More variation so evolve faster than asexual • Speciation • Evolution of a new species over time, specific conditions needed. • Geographic isolation: physical barrier (river, ocean, canyon) genes are not exchanged, become adapted to environment. • Reproductive isolation: speciation occurs with or without geographic isolation, if one population no longer able to interbreed due to TIME, LOCATION< or PHYSICAL CHANGES the 2 gene pools eventually separate =new species. • Key Q# 9, 10, 13, 20

  12. Speciation & Evolution • Allopatric speciation • Physical barrier • Natural selection (mutations) • Time… • Theory of gradualism • Speciation takes place slowly • Theory of punctuated equilibrium • Species evolve rapidly, followed by a period of little or no change • Key Q# 14

  13. Creation & Evolution • Why does science not want to include the supernatural i.e. give God the credit? • What is Naturalism? • What is abiogenesis? • Life from non-living chemicals • What are the 3 principles of modern science? • Pg. 22-23 • Cambrian Explosion: • Lack of evolutionary intermediates between body plans. Almost all the phyla of invertebrates animals occur early in the Cambrian without obvious ancestors.

  14. Homework… • Study, study, study….!  • Do Unit Test in the Key pg. 52-56 for study. • Field trip tomorrow!  • Unit 2 Test is Thursday

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