Chapter 2, Section 2

1. Chapter 2, Section 2

2. Key Terms Create a flash card for the following key terms (p. 31 in textbook): • System • Atmosphere • Hydrosphere • Geosphere • Biosphere If you finish early, study your flash cards!

3. The Earth System • A SYSTEM is an organized group of related objects that interact. • Systems can be very small or very large. • Energy and Matter can move into and out of systems. • There are 2 types of systems: CLOSED and OPEN.

4. Closed vs. Open Systems

6. Closed or Open?? • Demonstration…is it a closed or open system? • Open can of soda________ • Crockpot with lid on _________ • Aquarium _______ • Helium balloon that is tied_______ • Ocean ______ • Human Body______ • The Earth ________

7. Interactive! • You will design a bookmark! • One side will be illustrated and labeled to show a CLOSED system. • One side will be illustrated and labeled to show and OPEN system. • When complete, tape onto the left hand page in your notebook. (only tape the top edge, so I can flip it up and see both sides).

8. Earth’s 4 Spheres Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

9. Atmosphere • A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet. • The Earth’s atmosphere provides the air we breathe and protects us from harmful radiation. • 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% other gases.

10. Hydrosphere • The portion of the Earth that is water. • 71% of the Earth’s surface is water. • 97% of the water is salt water. • 3% is freshwater lakes, rivers, glaciers, underground.

11. Geosphere • The mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth. • From the center core to the surface of the crust.

12. Biosphere • The part of the Earth where life exists • Includes all living organisms on Earth

13. Can you identify the 4 spheres?

14. Quick Check!! • Name 2 of Earth’s 4 spheres: __________________________________________________________________________ • Which sphere is solid and rocky? _____________________________________ • The _________ is composed of 78% ________.

15. Interactive! • Complete this graphic organizer:

16. Snowball Toss!

17. Earth’s Energy • Earth gets its Energy from internal and external sources. • Internal Energy: • The Earth was originally heated from radioactive decay and gravitational contraction. • Convection currents are also a sources of internal energy. This drives plate motion. • Geysers are another example of Internal Energy • Underground reservoirs of steam and hot water= geothermal energy.

18. Earth’s Energy • Earth gets its Energy from internal and external sources. • External Energy: • Most important source of Energy= SUN. Sun provides more energy (internal or external) than all other sources of energy. • Solar Energy is free and drives the water cycle, weather patterns, and more.

19. Cycles in the Earth’s System

20. Nitrogen Cycle • Nitrogen is an important element on Earth because organisms use it to build proteins which are used to build cells. • Although our atmosphere is made of mostly nitrogen, it is unusable by organisms in this form. It must first be “fixed”. • Certain kinds of bacteria in the soil and plant roots ‘fix’ the Nitrogen.

21. Brain Pop Nitrogen Cycle

22. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted to ammonia by bacteria called ‘Nitrogen Fixation’ Nitrogen is released as a gas by the decomposition of proteins in the soil.

24. Interactive! • As a group, write a song/rap to the tune of Row, Row, Row your boat about the Nitrogen Cycle.

25. Nitrogen Cycle Video

26. Assessment: Nitrogen Cycle • Using the diagram on page 36 in your text as a guide, draw and label the Nitrogen Cycle. You must be able to explain the cycle verbally as well.

27. Carbon Cycle • Carbon moves through all 4 of Earth’s spheres in a process called the Carbon Cycle. • There are short term cycles and Long-term carbon cycles. • In the atmosphere Carbon is found as CO2. • Carbon in Ocean Reservoirs is mainly dissolved Carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.

28. Short-term Carbon Cycle Carbon is stored for different lengths of time at each step, also called RESERVOIRS.

29. Interactive! • Quickwrite: Describe the Carbon Cycle in your own words.

30. Carbon Cycle Brain Pop

31. Carbon is released into the atmosphere through: Respiration, Decay of animals/plants, and combustion

32. Most of Earth’s Carbon is found in the LITHOSPHERE.

33. Carbon Cycle Video Clip

34. Carbon Cycle Assessment • Using the diagram in your text on page 37, draw and label the Carbon Cycle. You must be able to verbally explain it as well.

35. Phosphorous Cycle • Phosphorous, also used in building cells, travels through all the spheres of Earth’s systems except for the atmosphere.

36. Phosphorous Cycle

37. Interactive! • Quick Draw…sketch the Carbon cycle!

38. Water Cycle • The water cycle is the continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface and back again.

39. Brain Pop Water Cycle

40. Water Cycle

43. Quick Check! • Name 2 of the cycles: __________________________________________________________________________ • Conversion of Nitrogen gas to ammonia by bacteria is called _____________________. • The __________ is where most of the Carbon on earth is found. • The _______ is the primary external source of energy and drives all the cycles.

44. The Water Cycle, Video Clip

45. Water Cycle Skits

46. Assessment: the Water Cycle Using the diagram in your text book, draw and label the water cycle. You must be able to verbally explain it as well.

47. Daily Quiz