Chapter 2 Section 2

1. Chapter 2 Section 2 Global History I Mr. Schoff

2. OA • In Chapter 2 Section 2, describe what The Great Sphinx is. • Turn to page 30 and read about Egyptian tombs.

3. I heard it helps to write it down… • Hieroglyphics – picture writing used to keep track of important information • Carved on stone, preserved for thousands of years • Pictograms that depicted objects, carved onto monuments, temples • Written language became more complex • Ideograms – pictures that symbolized an idea or action

4. Hieroglyphs

5. Keep writing… • Scribes developed demotic – simpler form of writing • Papyrus was used • Paper not used until 100 AD in China • Much easier to use than chiseling into stone • Official histories still carved onto stone for preservation purposes

6. Uhh, can you decipher that for me??? • New Kingdom went into decline, Egyptians forgot what hieroglyphs meant • 1800s French scholar, Jean Champollion decoded the Rosetta Stone • Flat, black stone has same message carved into 3 different forms of script • Hieroglyphics, demotic, Greek • Now historians could read Egyptian history

7. Advances • Believed in many forms of magic • Learned a great deal about the human body through mummifying • Observed symptoms, diagnosed, found cures, performed surgeries • Anise, castor beans, saffron (still used today) • Calendar – 12 months, 30 days, 5 days added on at end of each year • Became basis for our calendar (with minor changes) • Developed geometry for surveying land, calculate exact size and location of each block of stone to be placed in a pyramid or temple • Many advances in statues, paintings, poems, and tales • Drawings – stiff, standard poses, heads/limbs in profile, eyes/shoulders facing viewer

9. What’s wrong here… • The vizier, who was seen as a god as well as a king, was linked closely to the chief god Isis. • Amon-Re!

10. What’s wrong here… • Only the nobles believed in the afterlife. • All Egyptians, from nobles to peasants, believed in the afterlife.

11. What’s wrong here… • Egyptian civilization was basically a classless society. • Like other early civilizations, Egypt had a fairly rigid class system.

12. What’s wrong here… • Like women in most of the ancient world, Egyptian women were held in low status and had very little independence. • Egyptian women generally enjoyed a higher status and greater independence than women in the rest of the ancient world.

13. What’s wrong here… • Priests and scribes used a form of picture writing called papyrus to keep track of unimportant information. • Hieroglyphics, important writing!

14. What’s wrong here… • Egyptians made very few advances in learning and the arts. • Great advances in medicine, astronomy, math, painting, and sculpture!

15. Secrets of the Pyramids • Secret Of The Pyramids