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The Industrial World: Technology, Economy, and Social Transformations in Europe

This chapter explores the pivotal changes in Europe from the Renaissance (1350-1600) to the 20th century that shaped the modern industrial world. It highlights technological advancements, such as the magnetic compass and gunpowder, that revolutionized transportation and warfare. The transition from barter to a money economy fostered capital investment in businesses, leading to the Industrial Revolution with enhanced agriculture, urbanization, and the rise of cities. The chapter also discusses imperialism, westernization, nationalism, and the Cold War’s impact on global dynamics.

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The Industrial World: Technology, Economy, and Social Transformations in Europe

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  1. Chapter 2 Section 2 Shaping The Industrial World

  2. Emergence of Europe • Advances in technology • During the Renaissance 1350-1600, Europeans rediscovered the learning of ancient civilization. • Magnetic compass (invented in China) Europeans improved • Gunpowder from China • Muskets • Cannons

  3. Money Economy • Away from barter economy (people exchanged one set of goods for another) • Instead they used money. • New money economy allowed some people to store up capital, or money that can be invested in business ventures for the purpose of making a profit.

  4. The Industrial Revolution • Mid-1700s, 2 changes in Europe • Agriculture • New plants from Americas • Improved farming and machines • Food production • new farming methods • Less work for people

  5. Effects of Industrialization • Urbanization- growth of cities • Crowded cities, poor working conditions, hardships, poverty • In Europe and the USA, inventors developed better means of transportation (ie. railroads and steamships, and devised new methods of mining).

  6. Imperialism • Period from 1870-1914 • The control of one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

  7. Westernization • Adoption of western culture. • Europeans tried to persuade or force people in other lands to: • become Christians, • use western forms of government and law, • adopt western food, clothing and customs.

  8. Nationalism • Pride in and loyalty to one’s country. • 1800’s, nationalist feeling helped both the Italians and Germans to form strong nations out of many small states.

  9. Cold War • After WWI, Cold War shaped the international scene. • Political and economic struggle between the democratic nations of the West (USA) and Communist bloc (Soviet).

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