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Understanding Work in Fluid Systems: Open vs. Closed Systems and Work Calculations

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This section explores the fundamentals of fluid systems, differentiating between open and closed systems. Closed systems, such as hydraulic brakes and the circulatory system, recirculate fluid, while open systems, like irrigation or city water systems, allow fluid to exit the system. We examine the relationship between work and pressure in fluids, including how to calculate work done using the formulas W = PDV for closed systems and W = -DPV for steady flow processes. Additionally, we discuss positive versus negative work, influenced by pressure differences.

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Understanding Work in Fluid Systems: Open vs. Closed Systems and Work Calculations

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2 Section 2 Work in fluid systems

  2. Objectives • Differentiate between open and closed fluid systems. • Explain the relationship between work and pressure in a fluid system • Differentiate between positive and negative work • Solve fluid work problems in SI & English units

  3. Open & Closed Fluid Systems • A closed fluid system recirculates the working fluid in the system. The fluid stays in the system. Examples include a hydraulic brake system or the body’s circulatory system. • An open system allows the fluid to leave the system. It usually circulates only one time. Examples include an irrigation system, city water system or a fire truck water system.

  4. Work Done in Fluid Systems • Work done by a fluid in a moving boundary in a closed system equals a constant pressure times a change in volume • W = PDV • Work done by a fluid in a steady flow process where density is constant equals the pressure change times the volume moved. • W = -DPV

  5. Positive and negative work • If the pressure difference, DP, is negative, work is positive. The fluid does work. • If the pressure difference is positive, work is negative. Work is done on the fluid.

  6. Pressure difference • Fluid flows from high pressure to low pressure. • DP = P2 – P1 • If P1 > P2 , DP is negative. • If P1 < P2 , DP is positive.

  7. Summary • Fluid flows from high pressure to low pressure • Closed system - recirculates fluid • Open system – fluid circulates once • W = PDV for closed system with changing boundary • W = -DPV for steady flow, constant density process • Fluid work can be positive or negative

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