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Major Battles of the Civil War: Key Events and Turning Points

Explore the pivotal battles of the American Civil War, highlighting significant encounters from Fort Sumter's opening clash in 1861 to the decisive Union victory at Gettysburg in 1863. Key moments included the bloodiest day at Antietam and the naval duel between the Monitor and Merrimac. Union strategies evolved, leading to victories at New Orleans and Vicksburg, while Confederate resilience was showcased at Fort Wagner. Discover how these battles shaped the course of the war, influencing tactics and morale on both sides.

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Major Battles of the Civil War: Key Events and Turning Points

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  1. Civil War Battles

  2. Fort Sumter • April 12, 1861 • No Generals • Charleston Harbor, South Carolina • Confederate win • Started the Civil War

  3. Battle of Bull Run • July 21, 1861 • Union General McDowell • Confederate General Stonewall Jackson • Virginia • Confederate win • Spectators watched battle, a shocking win for the Confederacy, Union realized they better get prepared for war!

  4. Antietam • September 17, 1862 • Maryland • Union General McClellan • Confederate General Lee • Draw/tie (Union win) • Bloodiest single day in the war, McClellan didn’t pursue Lee, major losses on both sides

  5. Gettysburg • July 1-3, 1863 • Union Generals Meade and Hooker • Confederate Generals Lee and Pickett • Pennsylvania • Union win • Unplanned battle, turning point in the war in favor of the North, Pickett’s charge was a desperate attempt to win, Lee lost 1/3 of his army.

  6. Merrimac vs. Monitor • 1862 • Union Monitor • Confederate Merrimac • Virginia waters • Draw/tie • Battle of the ironclads, South later abandoned Virginia

  7. Fall of New Orleans • April 1862 • Union Generals Farrogut and Butler • No Confederate Generals • Louisiana • Union win • Union now controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans, stopped South’s trade, Anaconda Plan was working.

  8. Vicksburg • July 4, 1863 • Union General Grant • Confederate General Lee • Mississippi • Union win • 6 week siege, split the South in half, controlled all of the Mississippi River, Anaconda Plan worked!

  9. Fort Wagner • 1863 • Union General Shaw • No Confederate General • South Carolina • Confederate win • First all-black regiment, black soldiers earned respect even though they retreated

  10. Wilderness • May 1864 • Union General Grant • Confederate General Lee • Virginia • Union win • Grant relentlessly went after Lee.

  11. Sherman’s March to the Sea • 1864 • Union Generals Grant and Sherman • Confederate General Lee • Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and Atlanta, Georgia • Union win • Union used “total war” strategy to destroy the South, Atlanta is burned, and Richmond is captured.

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