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Memory

Memory . What’s memory?. Hey, do you remember …? Yes, I do… Eh, I’m afraid not… Well, I’m not sure. No, I don’t. Give me some hints. Question yourself. How can I remember my cell phone number? How can I remember my early memories in childhood?

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Memory

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  1. Memory

  2. What’s memory? • Hey, do you remember …? • Yes, I do… • Eh, I’m afraid not… • Well, I’m not sure. • No, I don’t. • Give me some hints.

  3. Question yourself • How can I remember my cell phone number? • How can I remember my early memories in childhood? • How can the actors/actresses remember their lines? • How can singers remember their lyrics? • How can I recall the knowledge I gained in exams?

  4. Types of memories • Explicit use of memory • Information is not processed by conscious • Implicit use of memory • Conscious helps to recall • What’s abnormal? • What’s missing?

  5. Types of memories • Declarative memory • Fact, events • Procedural memory • How to do such-and-such (learning) • How can you remember a new phone number? • Make it meaningful or create an image in brain?

  6. Types of memories • Episodic memories • Personal experience • Your best birthday party; your first kiss • Semantic memories • Concepts, meanings, fomulas

  7. Ebbinghaus’s curve of forgetting

  8. Overlearning

  9. The act of remembering X B D F M P Z G L C N H • How much can you recall after closing your eyes? • How will you describe your last birthday present?

  10. Stare and answer the questions • What kind of tool did the little boy at the bottom holding in hands? • What is the man on the top doing?

  11. Three memory sytstem

  12. Sensory memory • Iconic memory • What you see • Echoic memory • What you hear

  13. Short-term memory (STM) • When you want to call a friend, sometimes you need to look it up in your telephone book. You memorize the number till you dial successfully. But if you fails, probably you need to look it up again. • Work memory • Genernal magic digit number: (7+2) or (7-2) • Make it meaningful to you and memorize more!

  14. Read, memorize, and recall • 8, 1, 7, 3, 4, 9, 1, 7, 8, 5 • J. M. R. S. O.F. L. P. T. Z. B.

  15. Some more concepts • Rehearsal • Purposely repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory • Chunking • Organize and process your information • 19850415313115 1985|0415|313|115 • Make it meaningful for your memory

  16. Long-term memory (LTM) • People can recall the scene when earthquake happened several decades later. • Traumatic victims always feel physical and psychological pain after sexual abuse. • We keep those past beautiful memories even though we already broke up.

  17. Some helping tips • Sensation • Smell, visual sight, taste, touch • Serial Position effect • Primacy effect • Remember the beginning better • Recency effect • Remember the last part better • Making your flashcard effectively!!!

  18. Some helping tips • Retrieval cues • Where did I meet her before? • On campus? During Christmas? With mutual friends? • I forgot the name of the king! • Who was the name of the previous king?

  19. Some helping tips • Interference • Forward acting • The old information blocked the new things • Backward acting • The new stuff makes you difficult to recall the old ones • You might not get used to your new phone number at the very beginning, but you usually can’t recall your old one after you can naturally use your new number.

  20. Retroactive / proactive interference

  21. Subsystems of long-term memory

  22. Structure of memory • My dog Puppy  little dog  dog • Basic level • Animal  extinct animal • Schemas • Knowledge package, the bunny in the kitchen

  23. Context-dependent memory • If you witnessed an car accident, you might recall better when you stayed on the street. • If you were the criminal, you might have stronger response for your own criminal scenes.

  24. Reconstructive memory • If you went to police office to give statement, some situation might occur: • Make it simple • Add more details • Fit in personal background knowledge • “I swear all I tell will be all of the truth”, really?

  25. If I can not remember on purpose … • After a car accident, I can not remember what happened when I crashed. • After the earthquake, I can not recall the emotions or feelings at that point. • After being rescued from suicide, I can not remember who I was. • All aim to protect yourself and block the negative influence on you

  26. If I can not remember any more… • I forgot… • Boiling water • Locking the door • Words I want to say • Names of my dear friends • Faces of my families … • Please treasure the moments when you still have abilities to remember.

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