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Kingdom Plantae

Explore the fascinating world of plants, from their cellular structure and reproduction methods to their adaptations for survival on land. Learn about different plant divisions and their uses. Discover the role of seeds, flowers, and fruit in plant reproduction and the importance of plants in providing food and medicine.

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Kingdom Plantae

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  1. Kingdom Plantae 1

  2. cell walls -cellulose sexual & asexual reproduction plants eukaryotic multicellular autotrophic 2

  3. Minerals Sunlight What plants need to live Gas Exchange Water 3

  4. Land Adaptations Green algae are believed to be the ancestors of modern plants • To move from the water to land, plants had to adapt • systems that would support their weight • provide transport of water and nutrients • protection from drying out, • and insulation from the sun and temperature changes. invasion of land by plants probably occurred about 450 million years ago 4

  5. Present 5 Past

  6. Divisions of Plants 7

  7. Spore Producing Nonvascular Plants 8

  8. Clip Small Water transported by osmosis Bryophytes Simplest plants Must remain near water 9

  9. spores Spores are specialized structures that can grow directly into a new plant 10

  10. Uses: • decomposer • Serve as pioneer plants on bare rock or ground • Help prevent erosion • shelter for insects & small animals • nesting materials by birds & mammals • Sphagnum or peat moss forms peat bogs (wet ecosystem) • Peat is burned as fuel in some areas Mosses • Small • Must live in moist place 11

  11. Majority of liverworts grow in moist, shady locations Liverworts 17

  12. Spore Producing vascular Plants 18

  13. Vascular Tissue 19

  14. XYLEM: Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals upward through the plant body. Two types of vascular Tissue PHLOEM: Vascular tissue that transports sugars from photosynthesis through the plant body. 20

  15. These plants are sometimes called scouring rushes because the epidermal (outer) cells contain silica in their cell walls. They were used by Native Americans & early pioneers for scrubbing and polishing. 24 Horsetails

  16. 26 Ferns

  17. Largest group of living seedless vascular plants • Live in moist habitats • Alternates between dominant Sporophyte stage & Gametophyte stage • Need water for sexual reproduction • Produce spores on the underside of their fronds 27

  18. 28 Spores produced on underside of frond Clip

  19. Seed Producing Vascular Plants 33

  20. 34 Reproduction AWAY From water • Sperm incased in Pollen Grain • Embryos in Seeds Gymnosperms Cone-Bearing Cycads, Ginkgoes, Conifers, Gnetophytes Angiosperms Flowering Plants

  21. 35 Seeds

  22. 36 the sprouting of a seed is called germination. • Plant embryo • Stored food supply • Seed coat

  23. 37 Seeds can tolerate unfavorable conditions by becoming dormant. When conditions become favorable, the seed sprouts into a new plant.

  24. 38 Seeds can be dispersed by wind, water and animals.

  25. Plant Body Structure 39

  26. 40

  27. 42 Roots: anchor, store nutrients, absorb minerals and water.

  28. 44 Bean roots White Potato: NOT A ROOT-An underground stem!

  29. 45 STEMS • Provide structural support • produce leaves, branches, and flowers. • Transport water and minerals between the roots and leaves.

  30. 47 leaves site of photosynthesis, which produces food for the entire plant.

  31. 49 Waxy covering to prevent water loss Outer layer of cells Vascular tissue

  32. 50 Gymnosperms

  33. 51 • “naked seed” • Seeds produced in cones do not need water for reproduction

  34. 52 Pollen Grains

  35. 54 Pollination: When the pollenis transferred from the male part of the plant to the female part of the plant. transferred by wind, water, or animals

  36. Scientist can learn information about past weather and climate from tree rings. 57

  37. Cartoon Break 59

  38. 60 grasses, wildflowers, shrubs,and trees. Angiosperms Produce their reproductive structure in flowers

  39. 61 Seeds, pollen, flowers, and fruit are adaptations that allow angiosperms to survive in a wide variety of environments. do not need water for reproduction

  40. 62 • Two groups of Angiosperms: • Monocotyledon • -one seed leaf • Dicotyledon • -two seed leaves “Seed Leaf”

  41. 63 Monocots vs. Dicots

  42. 64

  43. Flowers are unique reproductive organs that produce seeds surrounded by a fruit. 65 POLLINATION Female Male Pollinationtransfer of pollen

  44. 67 Fruit is a ripened ovary with its seeds

  45. 69 Carnivorous Plants

  46. 70 • Seed plants have important uses for • Food and Medicine • Angiosperms produce flowers, fruits, seeds, and pollen that providefood essential to many organisms, including humans--cereal grains, legumes, &root crops. • Trees provide food and shelter for many animals, as well as providing fuel, lumber, and paper products. • Fibers like cotton. CLIP

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