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What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?. How it occurs and cell cycle regulation. What is Cancer?. Cancer = cellular growth disorder that occurs when cell divide uncontrollably. - Cause carcinogenesis , formation of cancer cells Tumor = mass of cancerous cells Can be: 1. Benign = noncancerous

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What is Cancer?

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  1. What is Cancer? How it occurs and cell cycle regulation

  2. What is Cancer? • Cancer = cellular growth disorder that occurs when cell divide uncontrollably. • - Cause carcinogenesis, formation of cancer cells • Tumor = mass of cancerous cells • Can be: • 1. Benign = noncancerous • 2. Malignant = cancerous and may spread (metastasis) • * Tumors may also promote angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels

  3. Metastasis video

  4. How Does Cancer Start? • * Cell cycle is regulated by a set of proteins called cyclins. • They make sure necessary steps completed at each checkpoint. * Cancer originates when a cell continues to go through cycle even when it shouldn’t.

  5. Cancer Genes • Cancer caused by mutations in genes that regulate cell cycle. • Proto-oncogenes (over 100 known) • - proteins that promote cell cycle • - mutations lead to oncogenes, promote cell growth regardless of circumstances. • Tumor Suppressor genes (12 known) • - proteins that inhibit cell cycle • - mutations lead to cell cycle not stopping even when it should. (p53 and Rb genes)

  6. Can We Find a Cure? Treatments include: Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Targeted therapy Transplantation For more info on treatments: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/treatment/types-of-treatment * Key is to find genes linked to cell cycle and develop treatments for their loss or function. (p53 gene linked to over half of all human cancers)

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