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What Is Cancer?

What Is Cancer?. Benign versus malignant tumors How cancer spreads: Metastasis Types of cancer The incidence of cancer Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S.

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What Is Cancer?

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  1. What Is Cancer? • Benign versus malignant tumors • How cancer spreads: Metastasis • Types of cancer • The incidence of cancer • Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. • Annually1.2 million Americans are diagnosed with cancer (excluding more than a million cases of curable skin cancer), over half will be cured, about 40% will eventually die from the cancer

  2. Types of Malignant Tumors • Carcinomas • Sarcomas • Lymphomas • Leukemias

  3. Incidence of Cancer • At current rates, one in two men and one in three women will develop cancer, but more than half will be cured • Since 1990, the death rate from cancer has dropped about 3% • The American Cancer Society estimates that 90% of skin cancer and 87% of lung cancer could be prevented

  4. Common Cancers • Lung cancer • Colon and rectal cancer • Breast cancer • Prostate cancer • Cancers of the female reproductive tract • Skin cancer • Oral cancer • Testicular cancer • Other cancers

  5. Lung Cancer • Risk factors • Detection and treatment

  6. Colon and Rectal Cancer • Risk factors • Detection and treatment

  7. Breast Cancer • Risk factors • Early detection • Treatment • New strategies for treatment and prevention

  8. Recommendations forEarly Detection of Breast Cancer • Monthly breast self-exam after age 20 • Clinical breast exam by a physician every three years for women between 20 –39 (annually beginning at age 40) • For most women, annual mammograms after age 40

  9. Prostate Cancer • Risk factors • Detection • Treatment

  10. Cancers of theFemale Reproductive Tract • Cervical cancer • Uterine or endometrial cancer • Ovarian cancer • Other female reproductive tract cancers

  11. Skin Cancer • Risk factors • Types of skin cancer • Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas • Melanoma

  12. Skin Cancer Continued • Prevention • Detection and treatment

  13. Oral Cancer • Risk factors • Detection and treatment

  14. Testicular Cancer • Risk factors • Detection and treatment

  15. Other Cancers • Pancreatic cancer • Stomach cancer • Bladder cancer • Kidney cancer

  16. Other Cancers Continued • Brain cancer • Leukemia • Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s) • Multiple myeloma

  17. The Causes of Cancer • The role of DNA • Dietary factors • Inactivity and obesity • Microbes • Carcinogens in the environment

  18. Dietary Factors • Dietary fat and meat • Alcohol • Fiber • Fruits and vegetables

  19. Carcinogens in the Environment • Ingested chemicals • Environmental and industrial pollution • Radiation

  20. Detecting, Diagnosing,and Treating Cancer • Detecting cancer (CAUTION) • Diagnosing cancer • Treating cancer • Living with cancer

  21. CAUTION: The Seven Major Warning Signs of Cancer • Change in bowel or bladder habits • A sore that does not heal • Unusual bleeding or discharge • Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere • Indigestion or difficulty swallowing • Obvious change in a wart or mole • Nagging cough or hoarseness

  22. Cancer Treatments • Surgery • Chemotherapy • Radiation • New and experimental techniques

  23. Preventing Cancer • Avoid tobacco • Controlling diet and weight • Regular exercise • Protect skin from the sun • Avoiding environmental and occupational carcinogens • Recommended screening tests

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