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MUSCLE

MUSCLE. Dr Iram Tassaduq. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS. There are four characteristics associated with muscle tissue: Excitability Tissue can receive & respond to stimulation Contractility Tissue can shorten & thicken Extensibility Tissue can lengthen

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MUSCLE

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  1. MUSCLE Dr Iram Tassaduq

  2. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS • There are four characteristics associated with muscle tissue: • Excitability Tissue can receive & respond to stimulation • Contractility Tissue can shorten & thicken • Extensibility Tissue can lengthen • Elasticity After contracting or lengthening, tissue always wants to return to its resting state

  3. FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES • Movement – both voluntary & involuntary • Maintaining posture • Supporting soft tissues within body cavities • Protection

  4. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION • Types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal • Cardiac • Smooth (Visceral)

  5. SKELETAL MUSCLE • Associated with & attached to the skeleton • Under our conscious (voluntary) control • Microscopically the tissue appears striated • Cells are long, cylindrical & multinucleate

  6. CARDIAC MUSCLE • Makes up myocardium of heart • Unconsciously (involuntarily) controlled • Microscopically appears striated • Cells are short, branching & have a single nucleus • Cells connect to each other at intercalated discs

  7. SMOOTH MUSCLE • Makes up walls of organs & blood vessels • Tissue is non-striated & involuntary • Cells are short, spindle-shaped & have a single nucleus • Tissue is extremely extensible, while still retaining ability to contract

  8. Anatomy of skeletal muscles epimysium tendon perimysium Muscle Fascicle Surrounded byperimysium endomysium Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle fiber (cell) Surrounded by epimysium Surrounded by endomysium

  9. ASSOCIATED TERMS • Origin • Insertion • Belly • Tendon • Aponeurosis • Raphe

  10. ASSOCIATED TERMS • Tendon • cord of fibrous tissue • Belly • Fleshy part of muscle • Origin • Muscle attachment that remains fixed • Insertion • Muscle attachment that moves • Action • What joint movement a muscle produces • i.e. flexion, extension, abduction, etc.

  11. APONEUROSIS • A strong , thin and flat sheet of fibrous tissue providing attachment to muscles

  12. RAPHE • An interdigitation of the tendinous ends of fibers of flat muscles

  13. ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION • Pennate muscles fibers run obliquely to line of pull • On basis of shape

  14. CLASSIFICATION ON BASIS OF ACTION • Prime movers • Antagonists • Fixator • Synergist

  15. PRIME MOVERS • Chief muscle responsible for a particular movement

  16. ANTAGONISTS • Any muscle that opposes the action of prime mover

  17. FIXATOR • A fixator contracts isometrically (contraction increases tone but does not itself produce movement) • Muscles of shoulder girdle act as fixators for deltoid

  18. SYNERGIST • Prime movers cross several joints. • Synergist contract to prevent unwanted movement on intermediate joints • Long tendons of carpal muscles act as synergist for long finger tendons

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