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The Holocaust. Between 1933 and 1945, the German government led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party carried out the systematic persecution and murder of Europe’s Jews. This genocide is now known as the Holocaust. The Holocaust.
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Between 1933 and 1945, the Germangovernment led by Adolf Hitler and theNazi Party carried out the systematicpersecution and murder of Europe’s Jews.This genocide is now knownas the Holocaust.
The Holocaust • Something similar was going on in Europe to the JEWS. Hitler and his NAZI regime were actively educating the people of Europe that the world-wide DEPRESSION was the fault of the JEWISH people because many of the BUSINESSES were owned by the JEWS.
The Holocaust • An education program began in 1933, which included showing people “evidence” that the Jews were not fully HUMAN and compared them to rats. Any existing books that did not agree with this education program were BANNED. Newspapers were CENSORED or forced only to print what agreed with the Nazis. Also, the first CONCENTRATION CAMP was built in Dachau, Poland for prisoners.
The Holocaust • Hitler started a program called the FINAL SOLUTION which he outlined in his book MEIN KAMPF. The first step called for aBOYCOTT (refusal to shop at or use) of Jewish businesses starting on April 1, 1933 at 10:30am. This one day boycott caused villages and cities to continue boycotting these businesses.
Communists, Socialists, and other political opponents of the Nazis were among the first to be rounded up and imprisoned by the regime. THE TERROR BEGINS
A woman reads a boycott sign posted on the window of a Jewish-owned department store. The Nazis initiated a boycott of Jewish shops and businesses on April 1, 1933, across Germany. FROM CITIZENS TO OUTCASTS
The Holocaust • In 1935, any teachers, scientists, government officials, lawyers, doctors, etc. that did not agree with the Nazis were ARRESTED and sent to prison. Why did the Nazis target these people first? • They were the most intelligent and had leadership qualities to organize resistance to the Nazis.
The Holocaust • In July of 1938, a law was passed forcing Jews to carry identification cards with a “J” signifying that they were Jewish. This law went into effect on January 1, 1939. In October of 1938, 17,000 Polish Jews living in Germany were rounded up and deported to Poland
The Nazi ideal was the Nordic type, displaying blond hair, blue eyes, and tall stature. THE “SCIENCE” OF RACE
The Holocaust • KRYSTALLNACHT: The Night of Broken Glass • November 9 -10, 1938 was the first night of organized VIOLENCE against Jews. On these nights, mobs of people attacked JEWS around Germany and German-occupied territories. They broke business windows, burned SYNOGOGUES (Jewish churches), and even MURDERED 96 Jews and injured thousands more.
Residents of Rostock, Germany, view a burning synagogue the morning after Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”). On the night of November 9–10, 1938, the Nazi regime unleashed orchestrated anti-Jewish violence across greater Germany. “NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS”
Within 48 hours, synagogues were vandalized and burned, 7,500 Jewish businesses were damaged or destroyed, 96 Jews were killed, and nearly 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps. “NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS”
The Holocaust • Cemeteries and schools were also DESTROYED. 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to CONCENTRATION CAMPS (by this time more had been built). At this time, many Jews went into HIDING because they were afraid things would get worse…and they were right.
The Holocaust • 1939: • Jews were now forced to follow CURFEWS, turn in all VALUABLES to the police and wear a yellow STAR OF DAVID on ALL clothing at ALL times. • 1940-1944: • All German-Jews were deported out of Germany to POLAND. Jews were forced to live in GHETTOS. In these, the Jews were forced to build the FENCES around the ghettoes and work to help the Nazi cause in the GHETTO.
Ghettos were city districts, often enclosed, in which the Germans concentrated the municipal and some-times regional Jewish population to control and segregate it from the non-Jewish population. LIFE IN THE GHETTO
In November 1940, German authorities sealed the Warsaw ghetto, severely restricting supplies for the more than 300,000 Jews living there. LIFE IN THE GHETTO
Sections of Warsaw lay in ruins following the invasionand conquest of Poland by the German military begun in September 1939 that propelled Europe into World War II. THE WAR BEGINS
Government policies in the 1930s made it difficultfor Jews seeking refuge to settle in the United States. AMERICAN RESPONSES
The Holocaust • At any point the ghettoes could be LIQUIDATED, which meant that all Jews in the ghetto would be rounded up and put on a train heading to the CONCENTRATION CAMPS. There were two different types of concentration camps. LABOR camps were set up and the Jews would work in these camps. There were also DEATHcamps; most that were sent to these were put to death. Ultimately, very few people made it out of the concentration camps alive.
Although Jews were their primary targets, the Nazis also persecuted Roma (Gypsies), persons with mental and physical disabilities, and Poles for racial, ethnic, or national reasons. “ENEMIES OF THE STATE”
This was the HOLOCAUST, which literally means BURNT HOLE. This is how the Nazis destroyed the evidence of what they had done. They would send the Jews to the GAS CHAMBERS to be killed and then the bodies were sent to the crematoriums to be BURNED.
The German authorities confis-cated all the personal belongings of the Jews, including their clothing, and collected them for use or sale. Soviet troops dis-covered tens of thousands of shoes when they liberated the Majdanek concentration camp in Poland in July 1944. CONCENTRATION CAMP UNIVERSE
However, enough evidence was seized by the Allies during LIBERATION (when the Jews were freed) to prove what had happened. This was Hitler’s attempt at GENOCIDE or killing off of an entire race. In all, more than 10 million people were killed in the Holocaust. Of those at least 6 million were Jews.
About a quarter of all Jews who perished in the Holocaust were shot by SS mobile killing squads and police battalions following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. MOBILE KILLING SQUADS
From 1945-1949, those responsible for the murders during the Holocaust were put on trial in NUREMBERG, Germany. These trials were called the NUREMBERG TRIALS. The results of the trials were that several men were sentenced to life in prison or sentenced to death for their crimes againstHUMANITY.
Leading Nazi officials listen to proceedings at the International Military Tribunal, the best known of the postwar trials, in Nuremberg, Germany, before judges representing the Allied powers. POSTWAR TRIALS
Beginning in October 1945, 22 major war criminals were tried on charges of crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and conspiracy to commit such crimes. POSTWAR TRIALS
In response to the Holocaust, the internationalcommunity worked to create safeguards to preventfuture genocides. GENOCIDE DID NOT END WITH THE HOLOCAUST
The United Nations in 1948 voted to establish genocide as an international crime, calling it an “odious scourge” to be condemned by the civilized world. GENOCIDE DID NOT END WITH THE HOLOCAUST
Refugees from the 2003–2005 genocide in Darfur, Sudan, above, struggle to survive after being displaced from their villages. GENOCIDE DID NOT END WITH THE HOLOCAUST
