The Middle Ages

1. David Wissler The Middle Ages D.W.

2. 1066-1099 • King Edward the Confessor dies without Heir and Duke of Normandy invades England. • When King Edward died he left no heirs to his throne. 2 people wanted his throne, Harold Godwinson and William, Duke or Normandy. Harold married his sister which made them brother in laws, so he took over the throne. William claimed they were cousins, so when he heard that Harold had taken over the throne he invaded England. D.W.

3. 1100-1149 • Knights Templar was founded • No longer than 20 years after the First Crusade, Hugues de Pavens led a group of knights that willingly wanted to serve the Patriarch of Jerusalem. These 9 knights were in charge of protecting the Christian pilgrims who went to visit shrines in the Holy Land. D.W.

4. 1150-1199 • King Henry II invades Ireland, starting the first 800 years of British rule • The capturing of Ireland began during Henry II’s rule of England. He got rid of the Barons’ power and tried to control the church courts, but stopped when Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, died in 1170. Then in 1171 King Henry II attacked Ireland and successfully took over throne. D.W.

5. 1200-1249 • English Barons force King John to sign The Magna Carta • King John’s Barons made him sign the magna Carta, which restated the current laws and added that the Barons could keep watch of him and take his land if he did not keep his promises. Now King John had to follow laws like his people and could no longer do as he pleased. D.W.

6. 1250-1299 • Crusades end • The last Christian post in Syria, Acre, ended in 1291. With Acre done Jerusalem no longer existed. St. John’s knights still had the islands of Cyprus and Rhodes, which stopped the Moslem expansion. • Edward I invades Scotland • A problem in the royal line for the Scottish throne occurred and made a bigger problem. England’s King, Edward I, supported the problem and made John de Baliol King of Scotland in 1292. King Baliol later combined with France against England, and then Edward I attacked Scotland in 1296. He took the Stone of Scone and used it to make himself King of Scotland. D.W.

7. 1300-1349 • 100 yrs war between England and France begin • The Kings of England that were descendants of William the Conqueror spoke French and wanted to rule France along with England. With France being already divided and weak, the King of England started out ruling a large part of France, but ended up with only a small part of it. • Black Death strikes England • The Black Death is said to have appeared as early as June or late August. In mid-summer the Channel Islands were going through an outbreak of the Black Death, and from here spread throughout England. It was worst in cities since they were crowded and poorly cleaned. On November 1st 30,000 of the 70,000 people in London were infected. In the next 2 years the Black Death killed 30-40% of England’s population of 5-6 million people. D.W.

8. 1350-1399 • Bible Translated • In 1382 John Wycliffe translated the Bible into English after hearing false teachings in the church and taking abuse. His translation was the first one done in nearly 1,000 years • Chaucer begins The Canterbury Tales • Geoffrey Chaucer began writing The Canterbury Tales around 1387. The Canterbury Tales has 17,000 lines and still isn’t completed. It’s about a group of pilgrims going from London to Thomas Becket’s shrine in Canterbury. Also, it includes the stories they told each other while they were traveling to Canterbury. D.W.

9. 1400-1485 • Christine de Pisan writes, City of Ladies • Christine de Pisan was a writer from the French Renaissance and she wrote some of the first pieces of feminist literature. She was one of the few women of her time that had an education and was able to write. Since she was able to support herself by writing, she began to write about the debate about women. • Birth of Nicholas Copernicus • First Tudor King, Henry VII, is crowned D.W.

10. Works Cited • "Christine De Pizan." King's College - Wilkes-Barre, PA - 1-888-KINGS-PA. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/chrisdp.html>. • "Invasion of England, 1066." EyeWitness to History - History through the Eyes of Those Who Lived It. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/bayeux.htm. • Dafoe, By Stephen. "Templarhistory.com » Blog Archive » Who Were The Knights Templar?" Templarhistory.com. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://blog.templarhistory.com/2010/03/who-were-the-knights-templar-2/>. • British Royal Family History. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://www.britroyals.com>. • "Pope Gregory IX." NNDB: Tracking the Entire World. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://www.nndb.com/people/118/000094833/>. • "The Middle Ages for Kids - King John and the Magna Carta." Middle Ages Europe for Kids - Index of Topics. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/magnacarta.html>. • "Scotland History." Untitled Document. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://hamelia.tripod.com/scothist.html>. • "The Black Death in England 1348-50." UK Travel and Heritage - Britain Express UK Travel Guide. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://www.britainexpress.com/History/medieval/black-death.htm>. • 1382, By. "Hundred Years' War." THEOTHERSIDE - Nord/Pas-de-Calais. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://www.theotherside.co.uk/tm-heritage/background/100yearswar.htm>. • "John Wycliffe: Church History | Bible Translation | Morning Star | Reformation." Welcome to Wycliffe. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://www.wycliffe.org/About/OurHistory/JohnWycliffe.aspx>. • "Geoffrey Chaucer Biography." UK Travel and Heritage - Britain Express UK Travel Guide. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. <http://www.britainexpress.com/History/bio/chaucer.htm>. • Middle Ages. Web. 30 Oct. 2010. http://www.middle-ages.org.uk • Beers, Kylene. Elements of Literature. Austin, [Tex.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2007. Print. D.W.