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The Essential Role of the Liver in Metabolism and Body Temperature Regulation

The liver is a vital organ, often referred to as the "Renaissance Man" of the body, due to its multifaceted functions. It plays a critical role in metabolism, facilitating both catabolism and anabolism, and regulating blood glucose levels through glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. The liver also synthesizes cholesterol, which is crucial for cell membranes, and filters harmful substances from the blood. Additionally, it helps maintain body temperature through mechanisms like vasoconstriction and shivering, while also managing heat stroke and exhaustion. Understanding these functions highlights the liver's importance in overall health.

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The Essential Role of the Liver in Metabolism and Body Temperature Regulation

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  1. Role of the Liver

  2. Do Now • Without looking at your notes, list 5 things we talked about last class

  3. Homework Due • Rough Draft

  4. Homework • Quiz tomorrow • Will begin 48 hour food log tomorrow after class

  5. Review • Metabolism – a broad term referring to all chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life • Catabolism – substances are broken down to simpler substances • Broken bonds create energy • Anabolism – larger molecules or structures are built from larger molecules or structures

  6. Review • BMR is the amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time, while the body is at rest • Basically the individuals necessary energy supply to perform essential life activities • Breathing, heartbeat, kidney function • Some factors that increase BMR: • Male • Young age • Strong emotions of anger/fear

  7. Review • Fact of the matter is, we all don’t just live to breath and have our heart beat • TMR refers to the total amount of Calories the body consumes to fuel all physical activities • When a trained athlete exercises for several minutes, TMR can increase 15-20 times normal

  8. The Liver • “Renaissance Man” of the body • Important in digestion of fat • Detoxifies drugs and alcohol • Make cholesterol and proteins vital to the body

  9. The Liver • Blood is filtered through the liver • Liver filters out amino acids, fatty acids and glucose • Destroys bacteria that have made their way into the blood

  10. Liver Function on Metabolism • Maintains normal blood glucose level • 100 mg/100 mL of blood • After eating heavy duty amount of carbs, liver removes glucose and stores as glycogen in the liver (glycogenesis) • Blood sugar levels will drop, and liver breaks down stored glycogen and releases it to the body (glycogenolysis) • Liver can also create glucose from fats and proteins, known as glyconeogenesis

  11. Liver Function and Blood Sugar • As blood sugar increases, glycogenesis converts glucose to glycogen and stores it • As blood sugar falls, glycogenolysisbreaks down stored glycogen, converts it to glucose and releases it to the blood

  12. Cholesterol • Only 15% comes from diet, 85% is made by the liver • High cholesterol is genetic • Cholesterol helps build plasma membranes of cells • Not soluble, can’t circulate freely in the blood • Transported by HDLs and LDLs

  13. HDLs v. LDLs • LDLs transports cholesterol to the body cells • Large amounts of LDLs circulated increases the risk of becoming imbedded in the arterial walls • HDLs transport cholesterol from the tissue to the liver to be disposed • HDLs “good”, LDLs “bad” • But both necessary

  14. Body Temperature Regulation

  15. Heat Protecting Mechanism • Hypothalamus in the brain regulated body temp to stay between 96-100 degrees • When body temp falls, the body must conserve heat • Vasoconstriction • Blood vessels of skin shrink, preventing blood flow and keeping blood deeper, toward more vital organs • Shivering

  16. Vasoconstriction • Temporarily, vasoconstriction can be harmless • However, if vasoconstriction can eventually cause a deprivation of oxygen, thus causing skin cells to die (frostbite) • When vasoconstriction is no longer effective and core body temp drops, shivering starts • Skeletal muscle activity produces lot of heat

  17. Frostbite

  18. Heat Releasing Mechanisms • Most heat released through the skin (radiation) • If external environment is as hot as the body, heat cannot be lost by radiation, only evaporation of sweat • If weather is humid, evaporation is much less effective

  19. Heat Stroke v. Heat Exhaustion • Increased heat production, increases the rate of the metabolism • Skin becomes hot and dry, but is unable to lose heat via sweat • Heat stroke can cause permanent damage to the brain • Heat exhaustion is when an individual faints following physical activity, usually associated with dehydration

  20. Homework • Quiz tomorrow

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