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Natural Nuclear Reactor

Natural Nuclear Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS FROM NUCLEAR REACTOR Four types of environmental hazard to people: Possible accidents -Routine emission of radiation during normal operation -Inadequate  management of radio-active wastes Thermal pollution Possible Nuclear Accidents

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Natural Nuclear Reactor

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  1. Natural Nuclear Reactor

  2. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS FROM NUCLEAR REACTOR • Four types of environmental hazard to people: • Possible accidents • -Routine emission of radiation during normal operation • -Inadequate  management of radio-active wastes • Thermal pollution • Possible Nuclear Accidents • Several safety measures are done to preclude the possibility to an atomic explosion. Nuclear accidents may still occur if the controls, interlocks, and warning systems malfunction. Accidents may also occur as a result of flawed reactor design combined with inadequately trained personnel.

  3. Three general principles are employed in the management of radioactive wastes:    * concentrate-and-contain    * dilute-and-disperse    * delay-and-decay.Concentrate-and-contain-The waste is either concentrated and then isolated • Dilute-and-disperse-it is diluted to acceptable levels and then discharged to the environment • Delay-and-decay.-means that the waste is stored and its radioactivity is allowed to decrease naturally through decay of the radioisotopes in it.

  4. Types of radioactive waste (radwaste) Low-level Waste is generated from hospitals, laboratories and industry, as well as the nuclear fuel cycle. It comprises paper, rags, tools, clothing, filters etc. which contain small amounts of mostly short-lived radioactivity. It is not dangerous to handle, but must be disposed of more carefully than normal garbage. Usually it is buried in shallow landfill sites. Intermediate-level Waste contains higher amounts of radioactivity and may require special shielding. It typically comprises resins, chemical sludges and reactor components, as well as contaminated materials from reactor decommissioning. It may be solidified in concrete or bitumen for disposal. Generally short-lived waste (mainly from reactors) is buried, but long-lived waste (from reprocessing nuclear fuel) is disposed of deep underground.

  5. High-level Waste may be the used fuel itself, or the principal waste separated from reprocessing this. While only 3% of the volume of all radwaste, it holds 95% of the radioactivity. It contains the highly-radioactive fission products and some heavy elements with long-lived radioactivity. It generates a considerable amount of heat and requires cooling, as well as special shielding during handling and transport. If the used fuel is reprocessed, the separated waste is vitrified by incorporating it into borosilicate (Pyrex) glass which is sealed inside stainless steel canisters for eventual disposal deep underground.

  6. MEMBERS Irel Anne Questo Patricia Lee Pasaje Maria Angelica Rivera III-Molave

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