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Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks. The most common rocks on Earth’s surface!. r ocks formed from the lithification (compaction + cementation) of previously existing sediments. Processes from the Rock Cycle. l ithification : to harden and form rock.

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Sedimentary Rocks

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  1. Sedimentary Rocks The most common rocks on Earth’s surface!

  2. rocks formed from the lithification (compaction + cementation) of previously existing sediments

  3. Processes from the Rock Cycle lithification: to harden and form rock

  4. crystallization:solidification of dissolved minerals from solution

  5. Types of Sedimentary Rocks • depends upon what they’re made of… • Clastic (LARGEST GROUP): fragments of other rocks • Chemical: dissolved minerals • Biochemical: parts from living things that weren’t actually alive (shells) • Organic: remains of once living things (plants, tissue, etc.)

  6. Clastic Sediments= Fragments of pre-existing rock

  7. Sediments from here

  8. Sand Bar

  9. Gravel Bar

  10. Tallus Pile

  11. Glacial Sediment

  12. Classification of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks • Classified 2 ways: • Sediment size • larger the size, the more immature, shorter distance traveled • Sediment shape • more jagged the shape, the more immature, shorter the distance traveled

  13. Grain Size

  14. Sorting of Sediments • based upon the size and shape Very Poorly Sorted Very Well Sorted

  15. Are these well sorted or poorly sorted??

  16. Are these well sorted or poorly sorted??

  17. Are these well sorted or poorly sorted??

  18. Common Clastic Rocks Sediment 1. Conglomerate 2. Breccia 3. Sandstone Siltstone 4. Shale

  19. Jagged Clastic Sediments

  20. Rounded Clastic Sediments

  21. Conglomerate

  22. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks • water dissolves minerals in pre-existing rocks & then evaporates EXAMPLES: • rock salt • gypsum

  23. Organic Rocks: remains of the living tissues of plants and animals; EX: Peat & Coal

  24. Swamp Organic Sedimentary Rocks- Coal

  25. Features of Sedimentary Rocks • Strata: sediment layers or beds • Geodes: hollow rock filled with silica from groundwater, forms crystals • Graded Bedding: deposits sorted according to size • Cross Bedding: movement of sand dunes • Ripple Marks: from water flow • Mud Cracks: rapid evaporation of clay • Fossils: remains from plants or animals

  26. Beds or Strata

  27. Geodes

  28. Graded Bedding

  29. Cross-Bedding Bedding Planes not Parallel

  30. Ripple Marks Beach River

  31. Mudcracks

  32. Mud Cracks

  33. Fossils: Molds

  34. Fossils: Casts

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