1 / 30

Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function. (What do cells look like?) (What do cells do?). 2 main types of cells. Prokaryotes ( Prokaryotic ) Eukaryotes ( Eukaryotic ). Prokaryotes. Simple cells Unicellular only Typical size 1-2 μm in diameter

casper
Télécharger la présentation

Cell Structure & Function

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cell Structure & Function (What do cells look like?) (What do cells do?)

  2. 2 main types of cells • Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic) • Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic)

  3. Prokaryotes • Simple cells • Unicellular only • Typical size 1-2 μm in diameter • No nuclear membrane or other membrane-bound organelles • DNA is in a tangled loop • Some prokaryotes have a second loop of DNA called a plasmid • Cell walls vary but can be very “tough” to help the cell survive harsh environments

  4. Prokaryotic cell:

  5. Eukaryotes • Complex cells • Both unicellular & multicellular organisms. (All multicellular organisms are this type.) • Typically about 10x larger than prokaryotic cells • Many organelles – some common, some only in plant cells, some only in animal cells • DNA is extremely long so the cell condenses it to form chromosomes • Some eukaryotic cells differentiate. This means they can become different types of cells: skin cells, muscle cells, blood cells, fat cells, etc. Plants have different types of cells too.

  6. Eukaryotic cell:

  7. Comparing prokaryotes to eukaryotes

  8. Comparing prokaryotes to eukaryotes

  9. Organelles • Little “organs” inside cells. • Only found in eukaryotic cells. • Each type of organelle has its own purpose/function for the cell. • Organelles may have once been prokaryotic cells that were engulfed and then incorporated into a larger cell instead of being broken down as food.

  10. Nucleus • Holds genetic material http://www2.plymouth.ac.uk/electronmicroscopy/TEM_BIOL/slides/Nucleus.jpg November 2007

  11. Nuclear membrane • Selects what can enter and leave the nucleus

  12. Nucleolus • An area in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

  13. Nuclear pore • Controls what molecules can enter/leave the nucleus http://www.abdn.ac.uk/emunit/emunit/temcells/images/nuclear%20pore%20%20.jpg

  14. Cell wall • Supports and protects the cell. Root cell: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/emunit/emunit/templant/images/root%20cell%20%20.jpg

  15. Cell membrane • Selects what can enter and leave the cell.

  16. Cytoplasm • Includes the internal part of the cell except the nucleus. http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Julian_Thorpe/tem2.jpg http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Julian_Thorpe/tem22.jpg

  17. Cytosol • The gel-like fluid that surrounds the organelles in the cytoplasm.

  18. Vacuoles • Storage

  19. Lysosomes • Decomposes/digests molecules http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/tem.jpg

  20. Ribosomes • Makes proteins (protein synthesis) (Tiny dots!)

  21. Endoplasmic reticulum • Transports molecules around the cell • Rough E.R. has ribosomes on it • Smooth E.R. lacks ribosomes http://219.221.200.61/ywwy/zbsw(E)/pic/ech7-5.jpg

  22. Golgi apparatus • Packages molecules to be released http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Julian_Thorpe/tem12.jpg

  23. Mitochondria • Makes ATP energy from the sugars that you ate earlier http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ebiomedia.com/prod/LC/images/UnitofLife_img_10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ebiomedia.com/prod/LC/LCcellunit.html&h=238&w=416&sz=19&hl=en&start=40&tbnid=oAv7kJ4T5Z0hFM:&tbnh=72&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmitochondria%2BTEM%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN November 2007

  24. Cytoskeleton • Supports cells with no cell wall (cyto- means cell) • Microtubules: thicker, hollow tubes • Microfilaments: thinner strands of protein http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu/allen/ch07/mimg/11-pmcyp730116-3m.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu/allen/ch07/11-pmcyp730116-3.html&h=711&w=640&sz=173&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=eKDoQPVtK0FPzM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicrofilaments%2BTEM%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den

  25. Centrioles • Helps the cell divide View of one centriole from the end. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Spindle_centriole_-_embryonic_brain_mouse_-_TEM.jpg/180px-Spindle_centriole_-_embryonic_brain_mouse_-_TEM.jpg

  26. Chloroplasts • Converts light to sugar molecules (photosynthesis) http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Photosynthesis/Chloroplast_EN.gif

  27. Where to find these organelles:

  28. Where to find these organelles:

  29. Plant Cell & Animal Cell Plant Cell Animal Cell

  30. Cell Video http://aimediaserver4.com/studiodaily/videoplayer/?src=ai4/harvard/harvard.swf&width=640&height=520

More Related