1 / 12

Water Pollution

Water Pollution. Sources. Two Types: Point sources and nonpoint sources Ex: Point: sewage plants; nonpoint: runoff Examples of sources: Chemicals (metals, solvents, oils) Air pollution Microbiological sources Mining Noise Nutrients Oil spills

casta
Télécharger la présentation

Water Pollution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Water Pollution

  2. Sources • Two Types: Point sources and nonpoint sources • Ex: Point: sewage plants; nonpoint: runoff • Examples of sources: • Chemicals (metals, solvents, oils) • Air pollution • Microbiological sources • Mining • Noise • Nutrients • Oil spills • Oxygen depleting substances (biodegradable) • Suspended matter • Thermal sources • hormones

  3. Water Quality 1. Cultural Eutrophication: the process by which human activity increases the amount of nutrients entering surface water. (nitrogen and phosphorus) nutrients= algae = DEAD ZONES (oligotrophic = low nutrients Eutrophic= high nutrients) 2. Tests to monitor water quality: • Nitrogen (Fertilizers) • Chlorine (disinfects) • Hardness (usually caused by calcium and magnesium) • Copper (fertilizers, septic tanks and industrial waste) • DO (dissolved oxygen) flowing = increase (closer to surface) • Phosphate: fertilizers • pH: needs to be close to 7 3. EPA Standards • Primary: health concerns • Secondary: aesthetics

  4. We will be testing water on Friday. If you have water you want to test. Bring it and we will test it • Awesome Video

  5. Effects • Infectious diseases • Chronic: slowly impairs the function • Acute: rapidly impairs function • Spread of disease: epidemic vs. pandemic • Epidemic: rapid increase of a disease • Pandemic: the disease spreads to other places • Toxicology: study of harmful chemicals • Neurotoxins- disrupt the nervous system ( lead and mercury) • Carcinogens: cause cancer (radon, formaldehyde) • Teratogens: interfere with embryo development • Allergens: cause an allergic reaction (not pathogens) • Endocrine disruptors: interfere with normal hormone function (cleaning products and household goods) • Biomagnification: the increase of a chemical in animal tissues as it moves up the food chanin.

  6. What can be done? • Water treatment • Septic Tanks: two parts- septic tank and leach field. • Sewage treatment plant: • Primary (reduces oils, includes sand catchers, screens, and sedimentation) • Secondary (gets rid of the biological content) includes: filters, activated sludge, filter (oxidizing) beds, trickling filter beds, and secondary sedimentation. • tertiary treatments(final stage before releasing into the environment. May include: filtration, lagooning, constructed wetlands, nutrient removal through biological or chemical precipitation, denitrificationusing bacteria, phosphorous removal using bacteria, microfilration and disinfection using UV, chlorine or ozone.

  7. Treatment Methods and remediation technologies • Adsorption • Disinfection • Filtration • Flocculation • Ion Exchange • Aeration • Air stripping • Bioreactors • Constructed wetlands • Deep-well injections • Enhanced bioremediation • Fluid-vapor extraction • Granulated activated carbon • Hot water flushing • In-well air stripping • phytoremediation • UV oxidation

  8. Legislation • Stockholm Convention: (2001): a group of 127 countries gathered in Sweden. 12 chemicals were banned, phased out or reduced. (the “the dirty dozen”) • Clean Water Act: (1972) issued water quality standards that defined acceptable limits of various pollutants in US waterways. (Surface water not ground water) • Safe Drinking Water Act: (1974, 1986, 1996) sets the national standards for safe drinking water. (MCL: maximum contaminant levels)

  9. Noise Pollution • Causes: Human created sound that disrupts the environment. (transportation, factories, appliances, audio entertainment systems) • Health Effects: hearing loss, cardiovascular problems, decrease in ability to memorize, nervousness, pupil dilation, decrease in visual field, insomnia, bulimia, high blood pressure, depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. • Control: noise barriers (trees) and new technologies.

  10. Solid Waste • Types: • Organic: kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers (usually decomposes in 2 wks ** Wood can take up to 10-15 years) • Radioactive: spent fuel rods, smoke detectors (100 of thousands of years) • Recyclable: paper, glass, metals, and some plastics. (paper- 10 days, glass- never, metals- 100-500 years, plastics- some up to 1 million years) • Soiled: hospital waste (cotton cloth-2-5 months) • Toxic: paints, chemicals, pesticides (100’s of years.) • Uses in the US: • Disposal and Reduction Flow Chart

  11. Solid Waste • Choices to disposal: • Burning, incineration or energy recovery • Detoxify • Exporting • Land disposal(land fills) • Land disposal (open dumping) • Ocean dumping • Recycling • Reuse

More Related