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Understanding Evolution Through Branching Trees: Genetic Diversity and Speciation

This content explores the concept of evolutionary branching trees, which illustrate the relationships among species based on genetic similarities. Through natural selection and environmental adaptations, organisms evolve over time, leading to genetic diversity. The materials delve into the significance of habitats in species survival and reproduction, the process of speciation, and the factors contributing to extinction. Additionally, the role of branching diagrams in showing the evolutionary sequence of traits and characteristics is highlighted, aiding in the understanding of how species have diverged.

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Understanding Evolution Through Branching Trees: Genetic Diversity and Speciation

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  1. Notes: Evolution of Species Read pgs. 241-246 + 255-257 Object: explain what a branching tree shows.

  2. Genetic Diversity • Through natural selection, over time, different environments and genetic mutations have produced the variety of organisms that exist today. Video

  3. Genetic Diversity

  4. Habitat • Habitat: the specific environment that provides the things the organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce.

  5. Habitat • Members of a species with adaptations to help them in their habitat live longer and reproduce more, passing on those adaptations. Video

  6. Camouflage Desert Leaf Frog Walking Stick Hawk Fish Video

  7. Speciation • The process by which two populations of the same species become so different that they can no longer interbreed.

  8. Speciation • A new species can form when a group of individuals remains isolated from the rest of its species long enough to evolve different traits. Video

  9. Extinctions • When a species of organisms does not adapt to changes in the environment, they risk extinction. • Extinct: when all members of a species die out completely usually as a result in a major change in a species environment.

  10. Extinctions • Environmental changes can include: • Introduction of new diseases. • Introduction of new predators. • Decrease in food supply. • Climate change.

  11. Branching Tree • A branching tree shows evolutionary relationships by grouping organisms according to genetic similarities.

  12. Branching Diagrams • Shows the order in which specific characteristics may have evolved. • Characteristics that appear lower on a branching tree probably developed before characteristics higher on the tree.

  13. Branching Diagrams • Branching trees group organisms according to shared derived characteristics (usually a structure that is shared by all organisms in a group).

  14. Branching Diagrams • Do the Math Analyzing Data on page 256.

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