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Chapter 20

Chapter 20. The Heart. Position of the Heart. Mediastinum Pericardium Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium. Heart Surface. Human heart. Heart Posterior. Heart Interior. Human Heart Interior. Surface of Valves. Valves. Circulation. Circulation. Coronary Arteries. The Echo Image.

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Chapter 20

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  1. Chapter 20 The Heart

  2. Position of the Heart Mediastinum Pericardium Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium

  3. Heart Surface

  4. Human heart

  5. Heart Posterior

  6. Heart Interior

  7. Human Heart Interior

  8. Surface of Valves

  9. Valves

  10. Circulation

  11. Circulation

  12. Coronary Arteries

  13. The Echo Image

  14. Echo Images

  15. Echo - Doppler

  16. Mitral Valve Prolapse

  17. Coronary Veins

  18. Human Heart

  19. Heart Tissue

  20. Conduction System

  21. Pacemakers • Located in the right chest wall, a catheter is threaded through the subclavian vein, into the brachiocephalic vein, into the superior vena cava , then into the right atrium. • The pacemaker overrides the impulse from the SA node.

  22. Action Potentials

  23. Action Potential – Ventricle

  24. P= wave from SA node through atriaQRS = ventricular depolarizationT wave = ventricular repolarizationP-Q interval = time from atria contraction to beginning of ventricular contraction.Q-T interval = ventricular depolarization to repolarization.

  25. Note:Systole& Diastole

  26. Heart Valve Locations

  27. Cardiac Output CO = SV x HR SV = ml/beat HR = Heart Rate

  28. Cardiac Output Affected By • Frank-Starling Law / Marey’s Law • Cardiac Reserve (Max CO – CO at rest) • Contractility (hormones, drugs, sympathetic reactions, etc. • Afterload (remaining blood in ventricles) • Congestive heart failure

  29. Regulation of Heart RateAffected/Monitored by: • Cardiovascular center (sympathetic and parasympathetic systems) • Proprioceptors • Chemoreceptors • Baroreceptors • Blood pH • Hormones • Ions • Age, gender, temp, etc.

  30. Nervous System Control

  31. Risk Factors for CAD • High blood cholesterol • High blood pressure • Smoking • Obesity • Diabetes mellitus • Type “A” personality • Sedentary lifestyle

  32. Cardiac Catherization

  33. Terms to Know • Fossa Ovalis • Coronary artery disease • Arteriosclerosis • Atherosclerosis • PTCA • Ischemia • Myocardial infarction

  34. More Terms • Hypoxia • Angina pectoris • Coarctation of the aorta • Arrhythmia • Heart Block • Flutter and fibrillation • Bradycardia and tachycardia

  35. More Terms • Cardiac arrest • Cardiomegaly • Cor pulmonale • Palpitation • Asystole • Endocarditis / myocarditis • Mitral valve prolapse • Auscultation

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