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Demographics

Demographics. Studying Population Population Pyramids Global Village. Studying Population. Population Geography The study of SPATIAL variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations over time. Demography

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Demographics

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  1. Demographics • Studying Population • Population Pyramids • Global Village

  2. Studying Population • Population Geography • The study of SPATIAL variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations over time. • Demography • The study of human population dynamics. It looks at how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration and ageing. • Demographics • A term for population characteristics. Demographics include birth rate, death rate, immigration, age, income, sex, education, occupation, religion, nationality, …

  3. Studying Population Population change over time will inevitably affect…. • Political Systems • Economics • Social Structures • Environments

  4. Studying Population Billions Developing countries Developed countries Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision, medium variant.

  5. Studying Population • Factors that may lead to population increase include: • Food • Health • Economic Growth • Migration

  6. Studying Population • Growth Rate • the number of persons added to (or subtracted from) a population due to natural increase and net migration. • Birth rate: number of live births per 1,000 population per year. • Death rate: number of deaths per 1,000 population per year. • Rate of Natural Increase • birth rate – death rate = rate of natural increase

  7. Studying Population • Factors that contribute to the decline in death rate include: • Better Nutrition • Better Access to Medical Care • Improved Sanitation • Better Immunization • Net Migration = immigrants – emigrants

  8. Studying Population • Effects of Population Increase • Increased poverty • Resource depletion • Medicine shortages • Urban sprawl

  9. Studying Population • A specific pattern of population growth has occurred in many developed nations during the past 60 years. Baby Boom Baby Echo Births Generation Y Generation X 1965 2025 1945 1985 2005

  10. Studying Population • Factors that may lead to population decline • Heavy Emigration • Disease • Famine • War • Sub-replacement Fertility • a fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an area’s population. Sub-replacement fertility rate is 2.1 children per woman or higher.

  11. Studying Population • Why low sub-replacement fertility rate? • Urbanization • Contraception • Government Policies • Exception: United States where natural increase rates have remained stable… • And within the US, incredible regional variations

  12. Studying Population 60-81 50-59 40-49 30-39 20-29

  13. Studying Population Pregnancy Rate Canada & US 1974-1997 (not just birth rate as illustrated in previous map)

  14. Population What is it? How do we measure it? Why study it?

  15. Population What is it? How do we measure it? Why study it?

  16. Population What is it? How do we measure it? Why study it?

  17. Population What is it? How do we measure it? Why study it?

  18. Population Geography I The Where and Why of Population • Density • Distribution • Demographics (Characteristics) • Dynamics

  19. Why do we study population? • the increasing population is the most serious issue facing the world I • in order to fully understand a nation, region, province, city, etc. one must have an understanding of the characteristics of the human population in that area

  20. How do they get the information? • Censuses – a collection of data about a population • started in early Roman times • Doomsday Book – England 1066 – one of the best known modern tallies of population • collected through enumerators that go door-to-door (LDC’s), or deliver censuses that are to be mailed back to the government (Canada)

  21. What kind of information is collected? population gender religion age nationality occupation language home ownership education marital status household income possessions

  22. Inaccuracies with data collection: • Homelessness • Fear of entering slums and crime-ridden areas • Isolation • Confusion • Privacy Issues • Reputation • Interpretation of questions and data

  23. Problems that result from inaccuracies: • Unfair political representation • Unfair levels of funding • Lack of funding for homeless people • Product Failure • Faulty economic policies • Difficulty in comparing nations

  24. How often do we conduct a census? • Frequency of censuses varies depending on the nation and their resources. It is very expensive to conduct a census and it requires a lot of people to collect the data. • In Canada – every 5 years • The Canadian government employs 4000 (Stats Canada), 500 work in the census department. • Canada hires 50,000 people on short-term contracts in a census year to work as enumerators.

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