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Chapter 1: Introduction to Internet & Web

Chapter 1: Introduction to Internet & Web. Objectives: To show the developments of Internet and its protocols from a historical perspective To introduce basic terminology of Internet & Web. Ref.: (http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Internet/History/). ARPAnet.

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Internet & Web

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  1. Chapter 1: Introduction to Internet & Web • Objectives: • To show the developments of Internet and its protocols from a historical perspective • To introduce basic terminology of Internet & Web. • Ref.: (http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Internet/History/) Introduction to Internet & Web

  2. ARPAnet • Sponsor: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US) • Backbone Network speed: 64Kbits/second • Years: 1969 to 1988 • Purpose: connection of govt. labs and major research institutes/universities. • Major achievements: • TCP/IP, Domain Name Service, e-mail (SMTP), FTP, Telnet, USENET newsgroups, computer-computer communications, etc. Introduction to Internet & Web

  3. NSFnet • Sponsor: National Science Foundation (US) • Backbone Network speed: T1 (1.5mb/sec.) to T3 (45mb/sec.) • Years: 1984 – 1994 • Replaced ARPAnet as the backbone of Internet in 1990 • Purpose: connection of five supercomputer centres Introduction to Internet & Web

  4. Post NSFnet Developments • Privately-funded, interconnected backbone networks. • Internet2: funded by US universities, a sequel to NSFnet. Introduction to Internet & Web

  5. CA*net Introduction to Internet & Web

  6. CA*net III Map Introduction to Internet & Web

  7. Internet Traffic Growth Introduction to Internet & Web

  8. Local Loop – The Last Mile • Telephone • Modem: analog between home and telco • ISDN: digital between home and telco • ADSL: direct (digital) line to telco (broadband) • Cable (broadband) • Satellite Introduction to Internet & Web

  9. Internet Access Protocols • Command Line: • FTP (1971) • Menu-based • gopher (1991) • Search engine • WAIS (1991) • Hypermedia (hypertext & multimedia) • WWW (1991) Introduction to Internet & Web

  10. FTP Introduction to Internet & Web

  11. HTTP/CGI Introduction to Internet & Web

  12. Browser Developments • Browser as part of WWW project: 1991 (restricted to Next computer) • Viola: 1992 • Midas: 1992 • NCSA Mosaic: 1993 • Netscape 1994 Introduction to Internet & Web

  13. Growth of WWW Introduction to Internet & Web

  14. Web-based Systems • HTTP Server: part of WWW project at CERN • The dawn of web-based systems: • CGI (Common Gateway Interface): (1991). • Browser as application front-end: • Dynamic HTML (client-side script) • Java Applets (1995) • ActiveX controls (1996) Introduction to Internet & Web

  15. Web-based 3-tier Architecture • Presentation layer: Browser • Business logic layer: Server and middle-ware • Database layer: Database system • Protocol between client and server: HTTP Introduction to Internet & Web

  16. Introduction to Internet & Web

  17. Web-based vs. Non Web-based Systems • Browser functionality • Limitations of HTML • Limitations of HTTP • Coverage of targeted user community Introduction to Internet & Web

  18. Examples of Web Applications • E-Commerce • Establishes interactive relationships among prospects, customers, partners, suppliers, and employees. • Videoconferencing • Enables real-time communication and collaboration. • Online Learning • facilitates life-long learning, anywhere, anytime. Introduction to Internet & Web

  19. Internet Governance • Internet Society: • Non-profit, non-governmental, membership-based, body • Two standards bodies: • IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): e.g. internet security standards • IAB (Internet Architecture Board): e.g. Internet addresses Introduction to Internet & Web

  20. Web Governance • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • Organizational Hosts: MIT, Keio University (Japan), and INRIA (France) • W3C is responsible for web-related protocols (e.g. HTTP, HTML, and XML). Introduction to Internet & Web

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