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An Overview of Biotechnology: DNA Manipulation and Genetic Engineering Techniques

Explore the fascinating world of biotechnology through this comprehensive overview covering DNA manipulation techniques, genetic engineering, and genomics. Learn about key processes such as restriction enzyme cutting, gel electrophoresis mapping, and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Understand concepts of cloning, gene transfer in transgenic organisms, and gene knockout methods. Delve into the Human Genome Project's achievements, bioinformatics applications, and the importance of genetic counseling and screening in assessing genetic risks and disorders.

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An Overview of Biotechnology: DNA Manipulation and Genetic Engineering Techniques

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Biotechnology Overview Create a Frayer Diagram graphic organizer

  2. Manipulating DNA Genomics Biotechnology Genetic Engineering Genetic Screening Diagram layout

  3. Cut DNA with restriction enzymes • At specific locations • Gel electrophoresis creates maps of the DNA • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- copies DNA • DNA Fingerprint – molecular identification for an individual • Forensics, Paternity and kinship, study biodiversity changes. Manipulating DNA

  4. Adding or changing DNA • Cloning • Genetically identical copy • Plants clone through regeneration; animals clone via nuclear transfer • Adding Genes • Recombinant DNA – most often uses bacterial plasmids • Transgenic organisms – contains genes from multiple organisms (i.e. GMOs) • Gene Knockout – Turning off specific genes Genetic Engineering

  5. Study of Genomes • Gene sequencing – maps the order of the nucleotide sequence • Human Genome Project • Completed in 2003 (nucleotide order) • Today – locating the specific locations of genes on chromosomes • Bioinformatics – analyze biodata • DNA microarrays – analyzing many genes at once • Proteomics – study and compare protein structures based on gene information Genomics

  6. Determine the risk of having or passing on a genetic disorder • Gene Therapy – Replacing defective or missing genes • Use stem cells (bone marrow) • “suicide” genes in cancer cells • Genetic Counseling – Use information from gene sequencing to counsel individuals about genetic risk factors. Genetic Screening

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