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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. CARBONATES. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Texture, structure and composition. Form sheet for sedimentary rocks:. I Color II Texture gr. size, sorting, roundness III Structure IV Allochemical constituents V Orthochemical constituents VI Name. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.

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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

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  1. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CARBONATES

  2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: I Color II Texture gr. size, sorting, roundness III Structure IV Allochemical constituents V Orthochemical constituents VI Name

  3. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: I Color - little value II Texture gr. size, sorting, roundness III Structure IV Allochemical constituents V Orthochemical constituents VI Name

  4. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: I Color II Texture III Structure IV Allochemical constituents V Orthochemical constituents VI Name

  5. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: II Texture gr. size: allochems treated like clasts; orthochems like igneous rx sorting & roundess: fairly meaningless packing: very important (see classification below)

  6. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: I Color II Texture gr. size, sorting, roundness III Structure IV Allochemical constituents V Orthochemical constituents VI Name

  7. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: III Structure mostly growth structures: stromatolites, mounds and reefs also dunes, ripples, x-bedding

  8. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: I Color II Texture gr. size, sorting, roundness III Structure IV Allochemical constituents V Orthochemical constituents VI Name

  9. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: IV Allochemical constituents fossils peloids ooids limeclasts V Orthochemical constituents microxtalline calcite (micrite) – clay to silt-size = MUD; originates as disarticulated algal material coarsely xtalline calcite (sparry calcite or sparite)

  10. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: Terrigenous detritus (5% average): chert quartz, clays minerals

  11. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Authigenic: Chert – 2 origins detrital (minor) intrabasinal – xtallization of amorphous silica from SiO2 shells a) sponges (Cambrian – present) b) radiolaria (Ordovician – present) c) diatoms (Jurassic – present)* *most abundant now

  12. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Texture, structure and composition Form sheet for sedimentary rocks: I Color II Texture gr. size, sorting, roundness III Structure IV Allochemical constituents V Orthochemical constituents VI Name

  13. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Carbonate Classifications Dunham’s classification Grain supported Original components not bound together during depostion Original components bound together during deposition Lacks mud, grain-supported Contains mud Mud supported < 10% grains > 10% grains Mudstone Packstone Wackestone Grainstone Boundstone

  14. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Carbonate Classifications Dunham’s classification Grain supported Original components not bound together during depostion Original components bound together during deposition Lacks mud, grain-supported Contains mud Mud supported < 10% grains > 10% grains Mudstone Packstone Wackestone Grainstone Boundstone

  15. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Carbonate Classifications Dunham’s classification Grain supported Original components not bound together during depostion Original components bound together during deposition Lacks mud, grain-supported Contains mud Mud supported < 10% grains > 10% grains Mudstone Packstone Wackestone Grainstone Boundstone

  16. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Carbonate Classifications Dunham’s classification Grain supported Original components not bound together during depostion Original components bound together during deposition Lacks mud, grain-supported Contains mud Mud supported < 10% grains > 10% grains Mudstone Packstone Wackestone Grainstone Boundstone

  17. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Carbonate Classifications Dunham’s classification Grain supported Original components not bound together during depostion Original components bound together during deposition Lacks mud, grain-supported Contains mud Mud supported < 10% grains > 10% grains Mudstone Packstone Wackestone Grainstone Boundstone

  18. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Carbonate Classifications Folk’s: Allochemical rocks Orthochemical rocks Reef rocks allochems cement sparry calcite micrite Intraclasts intrasparite intramicrite sparite biolithite Ooids oosparite oomicrite Fossils biosparite biomicrite Pellets pelsparite pelmicrite

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