Muscles of the Upper & Lower Limbs

1. Muscles of theUpper & Lower Limbs Arm & Forearm muscles Hip, Thigh & Leg muscles

2. Muscles of the Upper Limb Arm Forearm

3. Muscles of the Upper Limb Deltoid Triangular muscles that form rounded shape of shoulder Origin in shoulder girdle, insertion in proximal humerus Abducts arm (prime mover)

4. Muscles of the Upper Limb Biceps brachii Bulges when the elbow is flexed 2-headed origin in shoulder girdle; insertion in radius Flexes and supinates forearm (prime mover)

5. Muscles of the Upper Limb Triceps brachii Posterior humerus 3-headed origin in shoulder girdle, insertion in ulna Flexes forearm (prime mover); antagonist of the biceps brachii

6. Muscles of the Upper Limb Brachioradialis Origin in distal humerus, insertion in radius Flexes forearm (synergist) Brachioradialis

7. Muscles of the Upper Limb Extensor carpiulnaris Origin in distal humerus, insertion at base of 5th metacarpal Extends wrist

8. Muscles of the Upper Limb Flexor carpiulnaris Origin at distal humerus and proximal ulna, insertion in carpals and 5th metacarpal Flexes wrist

9. Muscles of the Upper Limb Extensor digitorum Origin at distal humerus, insertion in phalanges Extends fingers

10. Muscles of the Lower Limb Thigh Leg

11. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at hip joint • Gluteus maximus • Superficial muscle forming most of the buttock • Origin in sacrum and insertion on the femur • Extends hip (prime mover) • *Important in climbing stairs and jumping

12. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at hip joint Gluteus medius Smaller hip muscle Runs from the upper hip bone to the femur, beneath the gluteus maximus Abducts hip; steadies the pelvis while walking *Common site for intramuscular injections

13. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at hip joint Adductor muscles (aka groin) Form medial muscle mass of each thigh Origin in pelvis, insertion at proximal femur Adducts the thighs together (prime mover)

14. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at knee • Sartorius • Thin, strap-like, superficial muscle of thigh • Runs diagonally from origin in iliac crest of hip to insertion on medial side of tibia • Flexes hip (synergist of hip flexors) • *Raising the knee, sitting cross-legged

15. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at knee Quadriceps group 4 big muscles of the anterior thigh Rectus femoris Vastusmedialis Vastuslateralis Origin in pelvis, insertion in tibia (via patellar ligament) Extends the knee powerfully (prime mover), also flexes hip *Kicking a ball

16. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at knee Hamstring group 3 muscles of the posterior thigh Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Origin in pelvis, insertion on both sides of proximal tibia Flexes knee (prime mover), also extends hip *Running

17. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at ankle Gastrocnemius 2-bellied, forms the calf Two origins from distal femur; *insertion into the heel (calcaneous bone) via Achilles tendon Plantarflexes the foot (prime mover) *Standing on toes (“toe dancer’s muscle”)

18. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at ankle Peroneus muscles Lateral lower leg Origin on fibula, insertion in metatarsals Plantarflexes and everts the foot

19. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at ankle Tibialis anterior Shin muscle Origin on upper tibia, runs along tibia to *insertion in metatarsals via long tendons Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot (prime mover)

20. Muscles of the Lower Limb: movement at ankle Soleus Medial lower leg Origin on upper tibia/fibula, insertion in heel Plantarflexes the foot (synergist of gastrocnemius) and maintains standing posture